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Background: This article addressed one of the issues of research ethics that is called the nature of plagiarism coupled with involvement of intention. By definition, plagiarism is the attribution of others’ works to one’s own. This may be done intentionally and/or unintentionally. Some researchers believe that intention is not involved in the nature of plagiarism and an author who forgets to make references to the used sources has committed plagiarism since this forgetfulness has led to the attribution of others’ work to one’s own. In contrast, some experts call such a person a wrongdoer, not a plagiarist. Conclusion: By likening this problem to the issue of involvement of intention in telling a lie, the author separates two kinds of plagiarism: act-plagiarism and agent-plagiarism. The intention does not involve in the act-plagiarism (to be an act an instance of plagiarism), but it is involved in the agent-plagiarism (to call someone plagiarist). As a result, an author who forgets to make reference is not a plagiarist, but his/her act is an instance of plagiarism.
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Background: The present study focuses on the importance of observing professional ethics codes by global media. The main objective of this study is to emphasize the necessity of providing ethical codes for global media. Global media ethics aims at developing a comprehensive set of principles and standards for the practice of journalism in age of globalization. This study has reviewed the main interrelated theory regarding ethics, morality and media. The media ethics codes of different countries have been examined under the research. The study findings show that the ethics dominating the media of each country comes from the values, norms, and code of conduct existing in that society; accordingly, there is a direct relationship between media ethics code and the values and norms of a society or culture. Conclusion: Based on the study’s literature review, theoretical framework and the comparison analysis of the different media ethics codes, the article introduces an applicable ethical guideline and the main strategic professional ethics codes for global media.
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Background: One of the most fundamental principles that should be considered in the care of the elderly is dignity. This study aims to analyze the concept of dignity in elderly by the Rogerschr('39') evolutionary approach. The most relevant concepts to dignity were included respect, independence and privacy of the elderly. There are four types of dignity. One of them is inherent dignity that everyone has it. Merit, moral and personal identity are the other types of dignity. Maintenance of privacy, personal information, proper communication and sensitivity to the needs of the elderly are the precedent of dignity. Identity preservation, personal participation, feeling of security, achieving the satisfaction by old adults, improving the quality of life, happiness, elderly prosperity, and so on are the antecedents of dignity. Conclusion: Dignity is a complex, abstractive, multidimensional, and evolutionary concept that should be considered as part of careerschr('39') thinking in order to provide appropriate nursing care. In this study, some of its most relevant dimensions were clarified in the nursing context, reflecting changes in some of the relevant features and concepts in recent decades. It is necessary that nurses consider them in their daily action.
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Background: Accounting information has many users, which comprise business holders, managers, investors, creditors and the government for tax and regulatory resolves. A businessman use financial statements to define particular information that will guide him in making vital business decisions. Accounting impacts a wide range of parties in society. From this point of view, accounting’s codes of ethics are important. Conclusion: Ethical codes are the essential principles that accounting professionals choose to abide by to enhance their profession, preserve public trust, and reveal honesty and fairness. Proper ethics and ethical behavior are tremendously important in accounting for a variety of motives. In the same way it is important that the industry itself does not become pilloried as an unethical one, something that could potentially destruction business for all accounting firms. Ethics and integrity are valued features in an accountant. They must know right from wrong and always parade integrity in his or her accounting and bookkeeping deeds
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Background: Improvement of professional Ethics in employees is the great challenge for organizational managers. This subject is more stressed in educational centers because of their content. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the role of culture and organizational voices on teachers’ professional ethics. Method: This study is a descriptive-correlation research. Population of the study includes all teachers of elementary schools in Ghaen province. Among all teachers, 186 teachers were selected by cluster sampling. Data were gathered by three standard questionnaires; Organizational culture, Professional ethics and Organizational voices. Data were analyzed by using multiple regression and Pearson correlation coefficient through SPSS18 software. Results: Results show that organizational culture (mean=3.36±013), professional ethics (mean= 4.61±0.37) and organizational voices (mean= 4.83±.26) are more than the mean. Organizational culture explains 14 percent of professional ethics variance and 18 percent of organizational voices. Also, organizational voices explain 23 percent of professional ethics variances. Conclusion: Culture and organizational voices lead to the improvement of professional ethics in teachers. Organizational culture provides the background of improvement of organizational voices for teachers. Therefore, organizational managers are able to promote organizational voices and culture that lead to improvement of professional ethics in teachers.
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Background: Attention to ethics is a serious work in organizations that today attracts the attention of organizations more than ever. The present study conducted to investigate the relation between mental health with work ethic and organizational growth in ministry of education of Tehran providence. Method: Information gathering method was correlational descriptive and in terms of objective it was practical. The statistical population consisted of 2355 staffs all working in ministry of Tehran’s education. The data collection tools were three standard questionnaires as follows: Spaides organizational growth Questionnaire (2007) with a reliability coefficient of 0.83, the Goldberg and Hiller mental health questionnaire (1978) with a reliability coefficient of 0.85, the Gregory Sipeti work ethics Questionnaire (1990) with a reliability coefficient of 0.86. Collected data analyzed by SPSS-22 statistical software using K-S and multiple regressions. Results: The results were as follows: A) There is a meaningful relationship between the ethics of working with mental health in the education staff of the city of Tehran, and ethics make up 65.7% of the changes in mental health B) There is a significant relationship between work-related ethics and organizational growth in Tehranchr('39')s education and training staff and work ethic explains 53.5% of organizational change changes. Conclusion: Observing the principles and techniques of work ethics, in order to increase the level of mental health and organizational growth, can be realized through educational programs.
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Background: According to the perspective of organizational and industrial psychology, occurrence of burnout among employees of the organization is a controllable and preventable phenomenon. In education as broad organization, this issue is more important. This study tries to consider the role of perfectionism and ethical intelligence in predicting job burnout in elementary teachers in Shirvan province. Method: In terms of purpose, this is an applied research and in terms of nature, this is a descriptive- correlation study. Population of the study includes all elementary teachers in Shirvan province in 2016-2017. Sample of study consists of 250 teachers that were selected through simple sampling. Data were gathered by questionnaires: ethical intelligence, scale of perfectionism and Burnout questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using multiple regression and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Regression equation show that prediction of burnout based on ethical intelligence is significant (p<0.001). Also, in regression equation, prediction of job burnout based on perfectionism was significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Components of perfectionism and ethical intelligence are in relationship with job burnout in teachers.
