Journal of Family Relations Studies (JHRS)

Objective: The present study aimed to predict social anxiety based on parent-child conflict and the mediating role of anxiety sensitivity.Methods: The research methodology employed was structural equation modeling with the primary objective being to investigate anxiety sensitivity, social anxiety, and parent-child conflict among second-year high school students in Khorram Abad city during the academic year 2023-2024. A sample of 350 students was randomly selected using cluster sampling. The instruments utilized included the anxiety sensitivity questionnaire Floyd et al, social anxiety assessment Connor et al, and parent-child conflict measurement Fine et al Data analysis was conducted using SPSS26 and AMOS24 software.Results: The results indicated that parent-child conflict had a direct, positive, and significant impact on students' social anxiety (β₌0.44; p<0.01). Furthermore, parent-child conflict directly influenced students' anxiety sensitivity (β₌0.68; p<0.01). Additionally, anxiety sensitivity had a direct and significant correlation with students' social anxiety (β₌0.41; p<0.01). Overall, the findings suggest that the research model fits well.Conclusion: The findings of the study show that conflicts between parents and children, along with sensitivity to anxiety, are important factors that can predict the level of social anxiety in students.

Objective: The Present Study was Conducted to investigate the Mediating Role of Metacognitive Beliefs in the Relationship Between Family Communication Patterns and Perfectionism. The Current Research was a Correlational and Structural Equation Type. Methods: The Statistical Population of the Research Included All Male and Female Undergraduate, Master's and Doctoral Students at the University of Guilan who were Studying in 2022-2023. 204 People were Selected by Random Sampling Method and Answered the Perfectionism, Metacognitive Beliefs and Family Communication Patterns Questionnaires. Data Were Analyzed Using Structural Equation Modeling with SPSS-27 and SMART-PLS-3 Statistical Software. Results:The Results of Structural Equations Showed that the Fit of the Structural Model of the Family Communication Pattern with The Mediating Role of Metacognitive Beliefs on Perfectionism is Optimal so that Communication Orientation and Conformity Through Metacognitive Beliefs Have an Indirect Relationship with Perfectionism. Conclusion: According to the present study, the metacognitive beliefs of students are affected by the family communication pattern, which affects their perfectionism.

Objective: The current study investigated the impact of family-oriented psycho-educational interventions based on integrating systemic approaches on the dimensions of family functioning. Methods: The research design is a pre-test and post-test experiment using two experimental and control groups. The statistical population included all the families referred to family and marriage counseling centers in Tabriz City under the supervision of the General Department of Sports and Youth of East Azerbaijan Province.  In response to advertisements published in these centers, the families volunteered to participate in a psycho-educational course to enhance their family functioning. The volunteers were examined using the family assessment device (FAD), and 20 couples whose scores were average to low were selected as sample members and randomly replaced in the experimental (10 couples) and control (10 couples) groups. The experimental intervention was implemented in 10 sessions, each lasting 120 minutes on the experimental group, and the control group did not receive any intervention. At the end of the intervention, the members of both groups were re-evaluated with the family assessment device. The data was analyzed using univariate covariance analysis. Results: The results indicated a significant difference in family performance between the groups, showing that the intervention has successfully improved the performance of the families. Conclusion: The use of systemic family therapy, especially in an integrated form, is effective in improving various family-related components.

Objective: This study investigates the prediction of marital satisfaction based on attitudes toward gender roles and identity in married couples. Methods: The research method employed for this purpose is descriptive and correlational. Therefore, A cluster sampling method was used to select 350 married individuals from the residents of the second municipality district of Mashhad in 2022, including 150 women and 150 men. Data was collected using the Tagras scale, Smith identity styles, and Enrich marriage satisfaction questionnaire. Correlation and regression models were employed to analyze the data. Results:The findings reveal significant relationships between attitudes toward gender roles, identity styles, and marital satisfaction. Additionally, it is important to note that the significance of these relationships differed among males and females. After analyzing the data using regression analysis, it was found that attitudes towards gender roles and identity styles have the ability to predict marital satisfaction by %26 and %34, respectively and at the p<0.01 significance level. Conclusion: Hence, based on the results, it can be concluded that individuals who hold egalitarian attitudes toward gender roles tend to experience higher levels of marital satisfaction. Conversely, those who adhere to traditional gender roles are more likely to experience lower levels of marital satisfaction. Furthermore, it was observed that an informational identity style positively predicts marital satisfaction, while a diffuse identity style negatively predicts it.

Objective: To investigate the effect of family therapy education in promoting mental health and reducing depression in adolescents with high-risk behaviors. Methods:  The present study was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. It included all teenage girls in the second year of high school with high-risk behaviors in Ardabil province. In this study, 30 eligible patients were selected and invited purposefully. The researchers randomly divided the participants into two family therapy training groups (15 people) and a control group (15 people). The experimental group was taught the methods and techniques of family therapy education strategies for eight 90-minute sessions. In contrast, during this period, the control group received no psychological training on the mental health and resilience scale. The data were compared using multivariate and univariate analysis of variance. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS software version 26. Results:  Compared to the control group, the experimental group was able to reduce the depression score and increase the mental health score at the level of P<0.001 with the intervention of family therapy training. The most significant effect size (η=0.543) is related to mental health, which shows that 54% of the variance of the mental health variable between the experimental and control groups is due to the independent variable (family therapy training). Conclusion: The results showed that family therapy training increases mental health and reduces depression in adolescents with high-risk behaviors. Therefore, family therapy training is recommended for adolescents with high-risk behaviors to increase mental health, reduce depression and improve their quality of life.

Objective: The level of marital satisfaction of couples, along with other factors, can play a key role in their tendency towards divorce, so it is necessary to perform psychological interventions to increase marital satisfaction and prevent divorce. Based on this, the present research was conducted to compare the effectiveness of the marital life enrichment program based on the enrich model and the time model on marital satisfaction in couples applying for divorce. Methods: The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test and post-test with a control group and a 3-month follow-up. The statistical population included couples applying for divorce who came from the Modares Family Counseling Center in the first six months of 2022 in Tehran city. 45 couples were selected by the purposeful sampling method and randomly replaced in two experimental groups and one control group (15 couples in each group). The measurement tool included Enriching and Nurturing Relationship Issues, Communicating and Happiness by Fowers and Olson, 2000. For data analysis, mixed variance analysis with repeated measurements and Bonferroni follow-up test were used in SPSS-25 software. Results: The findings showed that the intervention based on the Enrich and Time model was effective in increasing couples' marital satisfaction, but this influence was not lasting. In addition, the results show no significant difference between the characteristics of Enrich and Time models on the marital satisfaction of couples. Conclusion: According to the research results, it is suggested that couples and family counselors and psychologists use Enrich and Time to increase the satisfaction of couples with differences.

Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate facilitating factors in dealing with parenting challenges of 18 parents who have children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Methods: The research is a qualitative study. The context includes all parents referred to the Mofid psychiatric clinic of the Children's Medical Center in Tehran. The purposive and accessible sampling method was employed. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews like the preliminary questions (1- What were your initial reasons for consulting a child psychiatrist? Please describe your experience in the doctor's office. Interviewee number 3: "The teacher and school counselor recommended that we see a psychiatrist"), main questions (1- What problems or challenges are you facing in your relationship with your child? What strategies are you adopting to deal with these challenges? Interviewee number 4: "I have accepted that many of my child's behaviors are unintentional and influenced by illness, and I must have more patience and tolerance towards them). Moreover, the qualitative data analysis of the study also utilized thematic analysis. Results: The findings showed that there are six main factors from the parent's point of view to overcoming the challenges related to their children: 1- Drug treatment, 2- Parents' personality traits, 3- Parents' awareness, 4- Parents' interaction and cooperation, 5- Lack of secrecy, 6- teachers and trainers’ roles. Conclusion: Therefore, parent awareness workshops about children's behavior and participation in parenting sessions, as well as parents' lack of secrecy and interaction with school, are the solutions that can be useful in facilitating overcoming parenting challenges.