athlete

Introduction: To examine the effects of a 6-week hopping exercise program on time to stabilization and perceived stability among athletes with chronic ankle instability. This is a randomized controlled trial.Materials and Methods: A total of 28 basketball players with chronic ankle instability (Mean±SD age; 22.67±2.88 y, Mean±SD weight: 80.47±8.48 kg, Mean±SD height: 186.82±3.09 cm) participated in this study and were randomly divided into two equal groups of 14 people each: 1. Experimental; and 2. Control. The experimental group performed hop exercises 3 times per week for 6 weeks. The control group received no intervention. Time to stabilization for anterior-posterior and medial-lateral components of ground reaction force, as well as ankle joint function assessment tool were found before and immediately after the exercise program. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and paired sample t-test were used to analyze the data at the significance level of 95% (α≤0.05).Results: The 6-week hopping exercise program led to a significant decrease in the time to stabilization of medial-lateral and anterior-posterior of ground reaction force and also a significant increase in the score of ankle joint function assessment tool (p <0.05).Conclusion: Given the effectiveness of hopping exercises, postural control deficit, and time to stabilization in sport exercises, it is suggested that these selected exercises be used in training and rehabilitation protocols.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and narcissism with psychosocial adaptation in elite and non-elite athletes. A total of 200 elite and non-elite athletes (20-30 years old) who participated in the tournament of 2020 in Tabriz were randomly selected and completed the questionnaire of Sport Perfectionism - 2nd Dun et al. (2009 and 2010), Ruskin and Terry narcissism and Bell Social Adaptation Inventory. To analyze the results, Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression analysis were used. The results showed that in elite athletes group, there was a positive correlation between positive perfectionism (organizational and personal criteria) and psychological social adjustment, and between negative perfectionism (doubts about actions, perceived pressure of parents and perceived pressure of instructor) and narcissism with negative psychological social adjustment and both positive and negative perfectionism and narcissism variables could significantly predict social adjustment in elite athletes (P <0.05). In non-elite group between positive components of perfectionism, only the organizational component has a negative correlation with psychological social adjustment and the correlation between negative and narcissistic perfectionism components with positive social adjustment is positive. Among the components of perfectionism, the only negative components (too much importance by mistake, parental perception and perceived stress of the mentor) and the narcissistic variable have been able positively to predict psychosocial compatibility (P <0.05). Psychological social adjustment in athletes is one of the key variables in the professional and personal life of athletes, which is influenced by features such as perfectionism and narcissism.

Background: The coaching styles are a powerful force that can affect the health of athletes and their view of sports. Aim : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Coaches' Behavioral Style (CBS) and Exercise Pleasure (EP) and Athletes' Moral Health (AMH). Materials and Methods: This research is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study included all athletes in Neyriz city. Three questionnaires were used for data collection: CBS questionnaire of Chelladurai and Saleh (1980), EP questionnaire of Scanlan et al. (1993), and AMH questionnaire of Vallerand et al. (1996). Descriptive statistics and the Spearman correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that although some of the components of AMH and CBS, such as negativism, were inverse, overall, there was a positive and significant relationship between CBS and AMH. Also, there was a positive and significant relationship between AMH and EP. Conclusion: According to the results, CBS can affect AMH and EP. Therefore, sports coaches should choose their behavior style according to athletes' needs, however, based on their willingness in supportive and participatory styles

The outbreak of war in Ukraine at the same time as the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics once again called the world sports to engage in international military warfare. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of sports deterrent in the prevention of international military wars. The present study was a qualitative-netnogeraphy method, which was conducted by studying various websites and social networks such as Instagram and official websites of BBC sport, CNN sport, ABC sport, Varzesh TV, Olympics and FIFA World Cup pages. The results indicated that sport sanctions of Russia categorized to personal (8) and organizational (21) concepts. Although Sports is a non-political phenomenon, it can play as a peace-making factor to decrease the political and military pressure on nations. Today, athletes, because of their billion audience on social media and messengers, have an irreplaceable impact on the public, including efforts to curb violence, aggression and incitement to war, including effective sports in promoting international peace.

The present study seeks to compare life satisfaction, happiness and self-esteem of female athletes and non-athletes aged 20 to 65 years in Tabriz. The present study is a causal-comparative study. The statistical population of the present study was all female athletes and non-athletes in the age range of 20-65 years in Tabriz. From this statistical population, 349 female athletes and 135 non-athletes were selected as a sample using Morgan Table and cluster random sampling method. Cooper-Smith standard self-esteem, Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and Oxford Happiness (OHI) questionnaires were used in this study. The results of independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Friedman test showed that women athletes have higher life satisfaction, happiness and self-esteem than non-athletes. Also, with increasing duration of sports activities, women’s rate of happiness is also on the rise, and the first five years of exercise have had the greatest impact on women's self-esteem.

Athletes are more at risk of developing anxiety disorders, depression, and substance abuse disorders due to facing unique stresses such as balancing social life with sports and high public expectations. The cognitive-behavioral therapy model, in addition to helping athletic performance, can play a preventive role in the development of psychological disorders. This study aimed to determine the impact of the cognitive-behavioral therapy model (with an emphasis on the role of the technique of using others as a benchmark for belief modification) on depression and return to sports in an athlete with major depressive disorder. In this study, a 5-session cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention with an emphasis on the technique of using others as a benchmark for belief modification was conducted. The athlete's depression and anxiety were measured before the intervention, after the intervention, and at a 2-month follow-up stage. The results showed that the athlete progressed from severe depression and moderate anxiety in the pre-test stage to mild depression and anxiety in the follow-up stage, indicating the positive role of the cognitive-behavioral therapy model (with an emphasis on the technique of using others as a benchmark for belief modification) in reducing depression and anxiety in athletes. In the technique of using others as a benchmark for belief modification, the athlete looks at the adaptive beliefs of real successful individuals and distances themselves from their maladaptive beliefs. In other words, if athletes can realistically see and understand how to apply adaptive beliefs in other successful individuals who have been in similar or even much more difficult situations, they will take action to modify their maladapti