مطالب

Muscle weakness and shortness have a profound effect on the length and function of the body, causing abnormal pressure on the joints and other tissues. Deficiency or increase in flexibility is a factor in the stiffness and instability of moving parts and affects the maintenance of the desired condition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the flexibility of Iranian adolescents and young people in two selected groups with healthy and spinal deformity. The statistical population of this study consisted of adolescents and young people across the country. The statistical sample consisted of 1263 girls and boys (with age range of 18-12 years old) from 5 geographical regions of the country, which could represent the whole country in terms of environment, culture, economy, and genetics and accounted for about 50% of the country's population. The flexible ruler was used to measure the arches of the spine in the sagittal plane, and the flexibility of the back and lumbar muscles, the trunk flexor muscles, and the trunk lateral flexor muscles were measured. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the flexibility of the two groups of kyphotic and kypholordotic with healthy subjects among the adolescents and young girls, and adolescent boys (P<0.05), but in the two groups, lordotic and healthy, this difference was not significant (P>0.05). The flexibility was significantly different between the gender in both the kyphotic and kypholordotic groups among adolescents (P<0.05), but in the healthy and lordotic groups was not significant (P>0.05). Finally, the results showed that there was only a significant difference between the flexibility of young girls with kyphotics and kypholordotics compared with h

The present research has been done with a view to identifying gamification components in association with users' experience in the services of digital libraries. Typically, the research method has been a developmental and systematic review, and essentially an analytic one. The data collection was carried out based on three major components: gamification, user experience, and digital library services. 164 resources related to the three components have been found. After filtering the resources in three phases, 12 resources in the first phase and 41 resources in the second phase were omitted and the remainder exactly 37 resources which were more closely related to the gamification components in the interaction with the user`s experience of digital library services, were identified, ranked and analyzed. The Findings show that gamification elements for digital library services include: certificate, achievement, membership law, ranking, digital products, signs, status and position, money, lottery, the Boss game, reward, present, feedback, navigation pages, Avatar, score, badges, narratives, prizes and badges collections and finally the results arising from the investigation of these components and analysis of the conceptual connection among them, show that the use of gamification elements for any digital library services develop the components “dynamism” and “gamification stimulants” such as competitiveness, attractiveness, excitement, hopefulness, challenge, victory and, etc in the users and that ultimately leads to the utilization of digital library services and user`s satisfaction.