انعکاس دستاوردهای دریانوردی آمریکا در آرای ترقی خواهان عصر قاجار و تلاش برای ورود این صنعت به ایران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
پیشرفت های صنعتی و تکنولوژیکی آمریکا به ویژه در عرصه صنعت دریایی در سراسر قرن نوزدهم به سرعت در نقاط مختلف جهان از جمله ایران مورد توجه قرار گرفت و گروه های مختلف روشنفکری را به تفکر فرو برد. در این راستا مقاله حاضر بر آن است، برای نخستین بار تحول در صنعت دریایی آمریکا و تاثیر آن بر اقتصاد این کشور را از نگاه ترقی خواهان ایرانی دوره قاجاریه مورد بررسی قرار دهد و سپس به این پرسش پاسخ دهد که آیا تلاش دگراندیشان این دوره برای شناخت صنعت دریایی آمریکا به ایرانیان دستاوردهایی به دنبال داشت یا خیر؟ شیوه نگارش و تدوین مقاله حاضر با رویکرد تبیینی و با تکیه بر مطبوعات و اسناد منتشر نشده صورت گرفته است. یافته های پژوهش مبین آن است که ایرانیان از اواسط دوره ناصری از طریق متون جغرافیایی و به ویژه نشریات به شناخت نسبتاً جامعی از صنعت حمل و نقل دریایی آمریکا دست یافتند و به این نتیجه رسیدند که آمریکا در عرصه نیروی دریایی بر سایر کشورهای غربی پیشی گرفته است این موضوع از یک طرف و عدم مطامع سیاسی این کشور در ایران از طرف دیگر موجب گردید که روشنفکران و ترقی خواهان از آمریکا به بهترین الگو در عرصه صنعت حمل و نقل دریایی یاد کنند و در تلاش برآمدند که به کمک نمایندگان سیاسی ایران در واشنگتن زمینه ورود دستاوردهای دریایی آمریکا را به ایران فراهم آورند.Reflection of American maritime achievements in the views of progressives of the Qajar era and efforts to enter the industry in Iran
Introduction
In Qajar Iran, the observation of American progress in the naval arena on the one hand and the unfavorable situation of the Iranian navy on the other hand led many intellectuals and reformers to conclude that the United States is a model to be followed. In the US Navy, it can replace other countries.
The present article covers the time period from all over the Qajar period and deals spatially with the United States and Iran. Regarding the research background, it should be said that despite the fact that many studies have considered the impact of the maritime industry of Western countries such as France, Britain, Germany, etc. on the Iranian maritime industry, and in them the ups and downs of buying ships of Iranian rulers from these countries An analysis has been made, but none of these sources pays attention to how Iranians are familiar with the American maritime industry, the impact of this industry on the country's economy and development, and in general the areas that led to Amir Kabir's attention to the American maritime industry. Also, Iran's desire to buy ships from the United States and correspondence to buy these ships have been neglected in research sources.
The leading article, with an explanatory approach and relying on the press and unpublished documents, examines the evolution of the American maritime industry and its impact on the US economy from the perspective of Iranian progressives of the Qajar period and then answers the question of whether progressives' efforts to recognize Did the American maritime industry bring results to the Iranians or not? By researching the sources of the Qajar period, it was hypothesized that the Iranians from the middle of the Nasserite period through geographical texts, especially publications, gained a relatively comprehensive knowledge of the American shipping industry and came to the conclusion that the United States in the field of navy. It has surpassed other Western countries. On the one hand, and the lack of political ambition in Iran, on the other hand, has led intellectuals and progressives to point to the United States as the best role model in the maritime transportation industry and to try to help Iran's political representatives in Washington to pave the way for the entry of US naval achievements into Iran.
In fact, the importance of this article is that for the first time, the developments of the American maritime industry will be examined by following the example of the developments in this country, and it will be shown how Iranians are aware of the American maritime industry. How it was achieved and what the consequences of this knowledge were.
Result
During the Qajar period, and especially in the middle of the Nasserite period, Iranians' familiarity with the developments in the United States, especially the country's shipping industry, grew significantly. It was observed that with the arrival of new information and its rapid publication in the Iranian press, Iranian reformers came to believe that the United States, by surpassing other developed countries, had become the cradle of discoveries and inventions in the maritime transport industry. Iranian society in terms of marine equipment, on the other hand, caused more and more Iranians to pay attention to this newly discovered country. Perhaps the first person to realize this was Amir Kabir, who well understood that in the face of the British, who were the monopolies of the Persian Gulf, he had to establish political relations with a government with a strong navy.
It turned out that one of the main goals of the progressives from these reports was to convince government officials to modernize and equip Iran's navy with the United States. In this regard, Iran's political representatives in Washington made every effort to introduce the country's new technologies in the field of maritime industry, as well as to send Iranian students to the United States to obtain information about the country's military knowledge and maritime industry.
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