مطالب

 Les guerres tribales ainsi que les crises sécuritaires qu’on observe de part et d’autre en Afrique en général, et au Cameroun en particulier, ont multiplié dans les réseaux sociaux des plates-formes d’échanges. Ces dernières, en réaction aux évènements socio-politiques, laissent voir des discours passionnés qui dégénèrent très souvent en discours haineux.  Cette déviance s’explique par l’illimitée liberté d’expression qui caractérise ces fora (Facebook, WhatsApp, Messenger, etc.). Par ricochet, les partis sont hâtivement pris et chacun se donne à cœur joie pour défendre ses opinions dans ses plateformes virtuelles qui renforceraient une mise en scène discursive à visée pathémique. C’est ainsi qu’au terme de la présidentielle d’octobre 2018 au Cameroun, les résultats ont suscité, de la part des partisans des deux principaux partis politiques en lice (RDPC/MRC), des contestations ouvertes qui ont atteint leur paroxysme dans les réseaux sociaux. On a pu observer de la violence verbale qui transformait cet espace médiatique en un véritable champ de bataille : c’est le théâtre d’une argumentation de protestation qui place la violence verbale au centre des préoccupations du linguiste. Comment les internautes procèdent-ils discursivement pour mettre en scène l’expression de la violence sur les réseaux sociaux ? En d’autres termes, comment la violence se matérialise-t-elle verbalement et linguistiquement dans les réseaux sociaux ? Par le biais d’une analyse pluridisciplinaire du discours, le présent article se penche sur l’orientation argumentative de ces discours qui loin d’apaiser la situation, peuvent conduire à une sorte de déstabilisation de la cohésion sociale.

Notre objectif est de proposer des pistes de connaissances sur l’origine du langage figuré. Si son existence, sa présence et son usage ne font l’ombre d’aucun doute dans l’esprit de la communauté l’on s’interroge moins ou presque pas sur sa provenance, sur son introduction dans le langage humain et dans les interactions verbales quotidiennes de celui-ci. C’est la tâche que s’assigne cette réflexion. Bien plus que pédagogique, cette analyse se veut surtout épistémologique, car, elle vise à mettre en relief ses origines naturelles. Dans ce sens, elle interroge la genèse de l’Homme, l’imputation de la pauvreté du langage originel en expressions, la disposition du psychisme humain à énoncer par figuration. Elle questionne aussi la rhétorique, son berceau émanation, et certaines disciplines linguistiques qui furent son terreau de plénitude. Ces différents points constitutifs des axes focaux de l’étude exhument les principes fondateurs du langage figuré, son corpus d’exploration, son fonctionnement et les attentes subséquentes à son emploi.

The question of whether specific patterns of impairment across different language modalities are isolated, associated, or doubly dissociated has been a major theoretical issue in aphasiology. In this paper, we describe modality- and task-specific language impairments in a Persian-speaking patient (AG) with ischemic stroke. AG’s overall language impairments were evaluated using the bedside version of Persian Western Aphasia Battery (P-WAB-1), which indicated an Aphasia Quotient (AQ) index of 86. Moreover, his performance on the Reading subtests of the Persian Diagnostic Aphasia Battery (P-DAB-3) indicated a Language Quotient (LQ) index of 60. We also evaluated his word reading, sentence reading, and sentence repetition using the subtests of the Persian version of the Bilingual Aphasia Test (BAT). Based on his performance on these assessment tools during the chronic post-onset time, AG was diagnosed with transcortical motor aphasia. Notably, he exhibited two striking characteristics, namely, (a) a modality-specific dissociation, with severely impaired reading comprehension in the face of relatively spared auditory comprehension; and (b) a set of task-specific agrammatic symptoms in verbal expression and out-loud sentence reading in the context of relatively well-preserved sentence repetition. The general characteristics of our patient’s grammatical violations also highlight certain universal and language-specific agrammatic impairments. The present clinical linguistic data argue against the existence of monolithic speech-related regions in the brain.

Purpose- With the physical expansion of cities, some surrounding villages are incorporated into the city as new neighborhoods. These areas, due to their rural backgrounds, differ from newly developed urban neighborhoods in physical, social, economic, and cultural aspects. Social issues, particularly behavioral problems, are one of the challenges in these areas. The neighborhood of Noh-Dareh in Mashhad (with a rural background) faces such a challenge. The Saber Street (located in Noh-Dareh) is the intersection of formal and informal settlements and has a strategic location due to its proximity to the Kuh Park. However, the occurrence of certain inappropriate behaviors has led to a decline in its efficiency and attractiveness for residents. This study aims to propose design recommendations for Saber Street to improve user behavior patterns.Design/methodology/approach- This research is mixed-method (quantitative and qualitative). After collecting library resources (behavior, environment, and perception), user behaviors were identified by using qualitative techniques (observation, behavioral mapping, and interviews). The obtained data were then categorized into conditions, actions, and consequences through qualitative analysis using MaxQDA. Subsequently, based on the typology of existing micro spaces, design recommendations were proposed based on behavioral patterns.Findings- Behaviors in the micro spaces of the mentioned street are often solitary, involving short and unconventional pauses due to the lack of diverse activities, psychological insecurity, inappropriate lighting furniture, and inconvenient climatic conditions. These results are reduced identity and increased insecurity, social damages, and inefficiency of activities.Practical implications- To improve these conditions, it is suggested to enhance urban management control, adopt supervisory policies through the design of frontages, allocate collective activities in the space, organize various events, and provide welfare and comfort infrastructure and equipment.Originality/Value- Considering the presence of social conflicts in neighborhoods with rural backgrounds, such as social damages, activity inefficiency, and ultimately resident dissatisfaction, the innovation of this study lies in identifying the context and causes of inappropriate behavioral patterns in these neighborhoods.