درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Ṭabaṭabaʾi (1281-1360 A.H./ 1904-1981 A.D.) is a contemporary Shiite commentator and mystic whose mystical approach could be clearly seen in his inclusive interpretation of the plurality of religions. Ṭabaṭabaʾi believes that the Qur'an seeks to unify religions and defines common criteria such as faith in God and righteous deeds for salvation. Ṭabaṭabaʾi's interpretation of the plurality of religions, based on the Qur'an and mysticism, is that religions have a single essence that exists in all of them in different degrees. This single essence consists of believing in the truth, surrendering to the truth, and acting upon the truth, which will lead to salvation in the hereafter. One of the most important principles of dialogue is recognizing the “other”, respecting them, and acknowledging their benefit from the truth. Ṭabaṭabaʾi's interpretation of the unity of religions can provide these foundations and, based on them, help the followers of religions sit at the table and provide a suitable platform for interacting with one another, understanding each other and their coexistence.

One of the functions of social monotheism (Tawhid Ijtima'i) is its influence on the philosophy of law, which is considered among the applied philosophies within the human sciences. This article aims to explore the influence of social monotheism  on the foundational discussions within the philosophy of law. This exploration is undertaken with a focus on the Quran and the interpretive perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei, given the importance of re-examining and Islamicizing the human sciences and enriching them to address emerging questions and doubts. The findings of this article, which were developed through a library-based method with an analytical approach, show that social monotheism complements the monotheistic origin of all rights and serves as the source of legitimacy for legal rules and regulations. In this regard, any form of subservience to legal systems arising from Western culture would be an instance of modern social polytheism (shirk ijtima'i).  Among the functions of social monotheism in the aim of jurisprudence (philosophy of law) are: establishing social order within the framework of a monotheistic worldview, Socializing the right to worship across all individual and social affairs, Ensuring equality of rights and negating class discrimination and Promoting a universal uprising for justice. The conclusion is that by adopting a social reading of monotheism, it becomes possible to systematize legal discussions within a monotheistic society based on the guidelines of the Quran and to theorize its foundational perceptual and theoretical prerequisites.