درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on cognitive flexibility and distress tolerance in divorced women. Methods: The study population consisted of all divorced women in Damghan City in 2020, from which 30 individuals were randomly selected and assigned to the control and experimental groups (15 individuals in each group). The Distress Tolerance Scale, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, and Positive Psychotherapy Protocol were used to collect the data, and the ANCOVA test was used to analyze the data. The ANCOVA results showed that the intervention group obtained significantly higher scores in cognitive flexibility and distress tolerance than the control group (p<0.01). Results: According to the findings, cognitive flexibility and distress tolerance significantly increased in the experimental group. According to the findings of the present study, positive psychotherapy and improvement of psychological components such as psychological flexibility and distress tolerance can play an important role in improving the mental health of divorced women. Conclusion: By focusing on talents and abilities, a positive therapeutic approach can use the potential capacities of people in order to improve psychological problems to a significant extent.

 Objective: Digital Quotient (DQ) refers to a comprehensive set of digital competencies derived from universal ethical values that aim to enhance human interaction with, control, and create technology. The present study aimed to establish norms and examine the psychometric properties of the Digital Quotient Test in children and adolescents aged 8-18 in the Iranian community.Methods: This study's statistical population included students of the First and Second Elementary Schools and the First and Second Secondary Schools of Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021. A total of 521 students (277 girls and 244 boys) were examined using a convenience sampling method. To analyze the data obtained from the test, inferential statistics to determine construct validity, Pearson correlation matrix, and test-retest reliability using SPSS software version 26.Results: The results indicated that the construct validity of the Digital Quotient Test, using the internal consistency between its eight domains and the total score as evidence for this validity, was found to be appropriate (P < 0.05). Using the test-retest method with a coefficient of 0.872, the test reliability was estimated to be appropriate (P < 0.01).Conclusion: The Digital Quotient Test has appropriate validity and reliability in children and adolescents aged 8-18 years in Iranian community.

 Objective: Patients suffering from psychosomatic disorders such as peptic ulcers struggle with many psychological and physical problems. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) with emotion-focused therapy (EFT) on cognitive emotional regulation of patients with peptic ulcer. Method: This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test-post-test-3-month follow-up design and a control group. For this purpose, 45 patients were selected through convenience sampling method among patients referred to specialized internal medicine clinics during Jan-March 2023. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups i.e. control (15 people), EFT (15 people), and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (15 people). The intervention groups received eight sessions of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy/ emotion-focused therapy. The control group did not receive any treatment during the study. The participants completed the standard cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire of Garnefski and Kraaij before, after and three months after the interventions. The obtained data were analyzed by repeated measurement analysis of variance and Bonferroni test. Results: Overall, the obtained results showed that EFT and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy are effective in the emotional regulation of patients with peptic ulcers (P=0.001). Comparing the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy with emotion therapy on adaptive (P=0.56) and maladaptive (P=0.22) emotional regulation showed no significant difference in patients with peptic ulcer. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that both emotional therapy methods and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy have a positive effect on the emotional regulation of patients with peptic ulcers, and these two methods can be used for the improvement of emotional improvement in patients. 

The purpose of this research was to predict love stories based on attachment styles and self-differentiation in students. This was a cross-sectional correlational research. The statistical population of this research consists of students of Rasht university in 2022-2023. 223 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The Love Stories Scale (Sternberg, 1996), Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Reid 1990), and Differentiation of self-inventory-short form (Drake, 2011), were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS-24 software and multivariate regression analysis method The findings of the study showed that attachment styles and self-differentiation can predict the love as a story of students, and the contribution of self-differentiation components was higher (41.3%). The value of the standardized regression coefficient (Beta) for the reactivity component (β=0.243, P<0.01), my position (β=0.169, P<0.01), emotional fault (P<0.01, β=0.194), and mixing with others (P<0.01, β=0.203). Thus, it was concluded that self-differentiation positively and meaningfully predicts love stories in students. The results of the current research show the importance of the role of self-differentiation and attachment styles in students, which can be effective in designing counseling programs in university counseling centers.

Objective: The aim of the current research was to investigate the role of dysfunctional schemas, dark personality traits, emotional inhibition, and shame in predicting unsatisfactory sexual relations of couples. Methods:  The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and in terms of its implementation method; it is a descriptive and correlational study. In the current research, the research community was formed by all couples with sexual dissatisfaction in Tabriz city in 1401. 160 of these couples were selected by voluntary sampling method and Hudson et al. (1981) sexual satisfaction scale questionnaires, Jonason and Webster's Dirty Dozen questionnaire (2010), Yang schema questionnaire (2003), Kellner's emotional inhibition questionnaire (1986) and Cohen, Wolff, Guilt, and Shame Proneness Scale (GASP). In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics methods (mean and standard deviation), correlation coefficient, and regression were used, observing the statistical assumptions in regression theories. Penter and Insko (2011) were completed. The results were analyzed using SPSS software version 26. Results: The findings showed that the relationship between dysfunctional schemas with sexual dissatisfaction (r=-0.431, P<0.01), narcissism (r=-0.355, P<0.01), emotional inhibition (r=0.367, P<0.01) and shame (r=0.342, P<0.01) were positive and significant, but with Machiavellianism (r=0.250, P<0.01) and antisocialism (r=0.238, P<0.01), was not significant. The correlation coefficient results showed that the relationship between dysfunctional schemas with sexual dissatisfaction (r=-0.431, P<0.01), narcissism (r=-0.355, P<0.01), emotional inhibition (r=0.367, P<0.01) and shame (r=0.342, P<0.01) was positive and significant, but with Machiavellianism (r=0.250, P<0.01) and antisocialism (r=0.238, P<0.01), was not significant. The results of regression analysis showed that The value of the coefficient of determination for the variables of ineffective schemas, narcissism, emotional inhibition, and shame had been obtained as 0.403, 0.336, 0.347 and 0.329, respectively, and it means that sexual dissatisfaction variable is 40.3% by Dysfunctional schemas can be predicted by 33.6% narcissism, 34.7% by emotional inhibition and 32.9% by shame; where the significance level for these variables was less than 0.05, it can be concluded that this effect is significant. Conclusion:  It is possible to reduce sexual dissatisfaction in couples with programs that reduce dysfunctional schemas, dark personalities, emotional inhibition, and shame.

Objective: The current study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle and cognitive function, overweight, and sleep quality among children and adolescents in Abyek city during the quarantine period. Method: In this study, a descriptive-analytical research method was used, and a combination of stratified and multi-stage cluster sampling was employed for sampling. The study population included 2152 students (1184 girls and 968 boys) from elementary and middle school levels in Abyek city. Data were collected using electronic questionnaires, which were a compilation of the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ localized in 2009), Beck Physical Activity (Beck et al., 1982), Cognitive Function (Nejati et al., 2013), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, sent online to the students. Subsequently, the collected data were analyzed and examined. Findings: This study found no significant correlation between students' BMI and their dietary habits or physical activity level (p > 0.001, rs = 0.45) as well as between physical activity level and dietary habits or cognitive performance. However, there was a significant positive correlation between sleep quality and physical activity level scores (p < 0.011, rs = 0.26), and between cognitive performance and sleep quality (p < 0.001, rs = 0.49). Regarding gender differences, male students had a higher Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity level compared to female students (p = 0.018 and p < 0.001, respectively), and there was a significant difference in dietary habits between boys and girls (p = 0.006). No significant difference was observed between boys and girls in terms of sleep quality and cognitive performance (p = 0.180 and p = 0.693, respectively). Conclusion: According to the study, it appears that changes in diet, physical activity, and sleep quality affect students' cognitive performance during the COVID-19 quarantine. These results indicate that planning to maintain and control physical activity, nutrition, and sleep quality during quarantine is essential to mitigate potential negative effects on students' cognitive performance.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based psychotherapy on functional flexibility and health hardiness in patients with coronavirus anxiety during the epidemic. Methods: This research utilized a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test, post-test design, including a control group and a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population comprised individuals with coronavirus anxiety who contacted counseling centers in Isfahan for telephone consultations during the summer of 2021. From this population, 33 individuals were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Participants in the experimental group received mindfulness-based psychotherapy (8 sessions) based on Kabat-Zinn's protocol (2003) over two months. The questionnaires used in this study included the Functional Flexibility Questionnaire (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010), the Health Hardiness Questionnaire (Gibbhardt, VanderDerf, & Powell, 2001), and the Coronavirus Anxiety Questionnaire (Alipour et al., 2019). Data were analyzed using mixed ANOVA with SPSS23 statistical software. Findings: The results indicated that mindfulness-based psychotherapy significantly impacted functional flexibility (P<0.0001; Eta=0.62; F=52.32) and health hardiness (P<0.0001; Eta=0.65; F=55.09) in patients with coronavirus anxiety. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, mindfulness-based psychotherapy, utilizing techniques such as mindful attitude, mindful activities, addressing problematic emotions, and breathing exercises, can be effectively used to improve functional flexibility and health hardiness in patients with coronavirus anxiety.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on negative automatic thoughts and negative affect in depressed women. Methods: The design of this study was applied and quasi-experimental, featuring pre-test and post-test stages with two experimental groups and one control group, followed by a two-month follow-up period. The study population included all women diagnosed with depression who visited a private counseling center in Tehran in 2023. A convenience sample of 30 participants was randomly assigned equally to the two experimental groups and one control group. The Watson and Tellegen (1985) Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and the Hollon and Kendall (1980) Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software, applying three-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc tests. Findings: Results indicate significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores for both therapies in terms of negative affect and negative automatic thoughts (p < .01), demonstrating the significant efficacy of both treatment modalities. No significant differences were found between post-test and follow-up scores (p > .05). Analysis using the Bonferroni test shows no significant difference in the efficacy of the two approaches on problem-solving components (p > .05). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that both Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy are effective in reducing negative affect and negative automatic thoughts in depressed women, with no significant difference in the effectiveness of these therapeutic approaches.

Objective: The present research aimed to study the lived experience of mothers on the verge of separation and to explore the phenomenon of separation and divorce from their perspective. Method: It was a qualitative study with a phenomenological method among mothers on the verge of separation in Isfahan city. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection in this research. Participants included 15 mothers on the verge of separation in Isfahan city in the year 2021, using purposive sampling, and the operations of data collection and analysis were conducted simultaneously. Findings: According to the analysis and the extracted main and sub-categories, the story of mothers on the verge of separation can be narrated within 5 overarching themes. The results of this research, from among 180 thematic sentences from the statements of mothers on the verge of separation about their experiences, eventually classified 5 overarching themes and 15 organizing themes that form the network of themes. The overarching and organizing themes in this research include communication problems (relationships with children, relationships with spouses), parenting (children's financial problems, defective parenting style, child management), emotional and behavioral (emotional and behavioral problems of parents, emotional and behavioral problems of children), psychological, social, and economic support (family, lack of counseling, economic) and exacerbating factors (extramarital affairs, addiction, previous divorce experience, mental disorders, sexual dysfunction). Conclusions: The results showed that mothers on the verge of separation experience emotions that can affect their well-being and mental health. The findings highlight the necessity for psychologists and social workers to deeply understand the lived experiences of these individuals and to offer therapeutic interventions based on the themes emerged from the current study, focusing on improving their emotional state.