درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Health and safety management improves the mental and emotional balance of teachers. Professional burnout is a major problem that many physical education teachers face. This feeling often leads to negative pedagogical results, which in turn leads to teacher fatigue. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between health and safety management and physical education teacher burnout, relying on the mediating role of resilience. This study is a descriptive survey. The research community consisted of physical education teachers of West Azarbaijan province in the academic year 2022-03, and 200 of them were selected according to the available sampling method. Data collection was done using a questionnaire and data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling method. SPSS 23 and SMART PLS 3 were used to investigate the research purpose and analyze the data. The results obtained show that the measurement and structural models are appropriate. The research results show that safety management has a negative and significant influence on physical education teachers' burnout, as well as resilience on burnout, but the research results show a positive influence of safety management on physical education teachers' resilience. The more the school administration focuses on health and safety aspects

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy (IRT) in enhancing empathy and conflict resolution skills among parents of autistic children. This randomized controlled trial included 30 parents of autistic children, divided into an intervention group (n = 15) receiving IRT and a control group (n = 15) receiving no intervention. Participants were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and four months post-intervention using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and Conflict Resolution Styles Inventory (CRSI). Data analysis involved repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests, conducted using SPSS-27. The intervention group showed significant improvements in empathy and conflict resolution scores. Empathy scores increased from 54.78 (SD = 5.32) at baseline to 67.32 (SD = 5.67) post-intervention and were maintained at 65.91 (SD = 5.42) at follow-up. Conflict resolution scores rose from 62.14 (SD = 6.23) to 74.89 (SD = 5.47) post-intervention, with scores at follow-up being 73.28 (SD = 5.63). ANOVA results indicated significant main effects for Time (empathy: F(2, 56) = 45.67, p < 0.001, η² = 0.62; conflict resolution: F(2, 56) = 49.18, p < 0.001, η² = 0.64), Group (empathy: F(1, 28) = 32.78, p < 0.001, η² = 0.54; conflict resolution: F(1, 28) = 35.91, p < 0.001, η² = 0.57), and Time × Group interactions (empathy: F(2, 56) = 41.23, p < 0.001, η² = 0.59; conflict resolution: F(2, 56) = 43.89, p < 0.001, η² = 0.60). Bonferroni post-hoc tests confirmed significant improvements from baseline to post-intervention and baseline to follow-up. IRT significantly enhances empathy and conflict resolution skills in parents of autistic children, with improvements maintained over a four-month period. These findings highlight the potential of IRT as an effective intervention to support parents in managing the challenges of raising children with autism.

This study aims to explore therapists' experiences with nonverbal communication techniques in psychotherapy for children with autism. This qualitative study employed a phenomenological approach to gain in-depth insights into therapists' experiences. Sixteen licensed therapists with at least two years of experience working with children with autism were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, each lasting 60-90 minutes, and were transcribed verbatim for analysis. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key themes and patterns in the data. NVivo software was used to facilitate the organization and analysis of qualitative data, ensuring rigor through triangulation, member checking, and maintaining an audit trail. The analysis revealed four main themes: implementation of nonverbal techniques, perceived effectiveness, challenges and barriers, and strategies for overcoming barriers. Therapists reported using a variety of nonverbal techniques such as gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, body language, and physical proximity. These techniques were perceived as highly effective in enhancing understanding, emotional connection, behavioral improvements, and self-expression in children with autism. However, challenges such as therapist-child compatibility, resource limitations, environmental factors, and inconsistent parental involvement were noted. Strategies to overcome these challenges included continuous training, collaborative approaches, adaptive techniques, creating supportive environments, and leveraging technology. Nonverbal communication techniques are essential in psychotherapy for children with autism, significantly enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Despite challenges, these techniques, when tailored to individual needs and supported by continuous training and collaboration, can greatly benefit children with autism. Future research should focus on larger and more diverse samples, quantitative measures of effectiveness, and the role of cultural sensitivity in nonverbal communication strategies.