درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

By designing conditions and relaxing spaces with the help of values and concepts of Japanese architecture, based on Zen's philosophy that based on simplicity, purity, avoidance of complexity and relaxation, it has tried to bring an experience of relaxation to the audience. This article seeks to investigate a principled relationship between the principles of Japanese gardens in accordance with the teachings of Zen philosophy, and the effects of its tranquility and cheerfulness. In fact, a set of principles for the design of Japanese gardens influenced by Zen's philosophy can play an effective role in the mental relaxation of the audience from a psychological point of view. The architecture of the Zen Gardens from the point of view: the style of the rocks, the elements of the garden, the types of lines and shapes used in them, and... Have a positive psychological effect on the audience. Relaxation in these gardens can be used in landscape design of public and private buildings in cities that are facing increasing numbers of mental illnesses, so that perhaps the correct architecture could be effective in improving mental illness and promoting community health.

Since nature of architecture is quite different from that of other fields of study, the criteria used for judging projects in this field continuously undergo some changes. On the other hand, because of the undeniable role of human factors in judging the projects, there is always a percentage of deviation from the standard given the interests of the judging committee. The standards of judging architecture projects can be divided into these general classes: idea, process and technical issues. The standards of judging architecture projects can be classified as such: Selection, placement, relations of function, form, volume, internal arrangement and circulation; Considering the studies, analyzing and planning the body of the project; Considering the substrate of the project and recognizing the facilities and their limits; Engineering of the project: considering the relationship between technical knowledge and designing; Using imagination, innovation and creativity when it comes to the idea of the project and the quality of developing this idea; Providence: flexibility and variability of the design in the future; Being aware of the factors affecting the formation of the design (moral, tribal, and cultural); Being practically logical and realistic, paying attention to the applicableness of the design and its compliance with the topic; Taking into account the technical principles, structural systems and machineries; Graphic (visual) and oral (introduction and defense) presentation method. Reviewing previous studies that have focused on different methods for judging student projects shows that we can divide these methods into the following classes: Evaluation by the professors (throughout the project); Group display of the works; Evaluation by the classmates; Personal evaluation; Traditional methods of judgment; Written judgment of the professors; Evaluation by the professor (regarding the completed project).

Introduction: Nowadays, mental health of people has become a complex issue. So that the world health organization has proposed different solutions for health improvements. There has been an increase in mental disorders and depression in different communities and the importance of mental health has been neglected in many cases. It has been stated that social structure and culture play a fundamental role in the formation of some diseases such as depression and stress disorders. Therefore, further investigation is required for the relevance of the two important issues of mental health and culture. UNESCO defines culture “a set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of a society or a social group that in addition to art and literature, it encompasses lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs.” Architecture's role in the expression of beliefs and culture, which are the expression of human identity, are believed to be an undeniable role. Therefore, the culture of any society, is the basis of the societies' architecture, in a way that it is the reflection of the community's culture. Iran's traditional architecture is the identity of faith, divine nature of goodness and deep passion. Given the link between mysticism and art in Iranian culture, the principles of Islamic art, especially architecture, influenced by the mystical dimension of Islam. Islamic civilization is based on peace and peaceful houses. According to the Quran, home is a place of rest and peace. So the first aim of building a house is to provide a place for human comfort. In recent years, with the change of lifestyles, the concept of home and residence has been changed. Therefore, the concept of home that was responsive to the needs of the life of human beings, has been changed as a mechanical product. This study endevours to exploit the principles of appropriate home from reliable sources such as Quran and Shi'a jurisprudence and investigate these principles in Iranian-Islamic traditional houses in order to reach a suitable guideline for contemporary houses with regards to Iranian-Islamic culture for mental health improvements of people. Literature review Mental health issue is less addressed in the researches and also there is not enough attention toward increasing mental health and stabilizing it. In most of the essays there are some sorts of solutions which are referring to a cure after happening this mental damage while, it is possible to figure out a solution for preventing this important modern issue which is preventable. Therefore, a sort of architecture which is connected to the life of people and also is a part of this life would have an undeniable effect on stabilizing the mental health. The cultural identity of the society could be considered as an important factor for the mental health of each person. Iranian-Islamic culture in contemporary houses are the most important issue in society needs mental peace and human separation from their culture leads to alienation from the original values of the community. One of the most important strategies in the design of contemporary architecture inspired by the principles of respect for the traditional homes of Iranian-Islamic culture that has defined the overall stability of international sustainability. Generally the features of Iranian culture, not only helps mental health but also helps the sustainability of architecture. According to Iranian culture, house is not just a shelter for residents, moreover, it should induce relaxation. The human sense of independence and external noise is not transmitted to the interior of the house.Traditional Islamic architecture reflects the enduring idea of archetype in the past, present and future through continuous image with timeless character wherein the act of creation on the part of some vast horizons disappear, to be together. Since sustainability has all the comprehensive features to meet the human, psychol

Many parts of the world are affected by unusual events, natural disasters and incidents that aim for people’s life, property, and comfort and threaten their life and survival. Crises cause abundant and sometimes irreparable damages to countries and people along with adverse effects on social indexes.  Therefore, identifying, appropriate planning, and optimal Resilient crisis management are of the highest priorities in various countries. Due to its great destruction power, expansion of the destruction area, lack of the possibility of predicting the occurrence time, continued losses and threats in the form of aftershocks, extensive injuries, and numerous problems in disaster relief, considering the destruction of the infrastructural installations and essential arteries, earthquake is a very important factor in crisis management. Meanwhile, based on the existing information 69% of Iran’s surface is affected by active faults and is considered to be one of the countries prone to having earthquakes. Besides, the general weakness of structures has caused extensive casualties in disasters. In these situations control and managing crisis especially earthquakes are of extreme importance in the field of recognition, prediction and preparation before the occurrence, planning, control and guidance after the occurrence.  Obviously, achieving this aim requires rapid and simple access to correct and updated information and complicated analysis carried out by specialists and managers. On the other hand, more than 80% of the required information in crises is spatial-natured and earth-referenced. Applying GIS and related technologies can be of considerable help in collection, storage, classification and analysis of related spatial and descriptive data; and play a determining role in identifying and direct application in both prediction and prevention, and direct dealing with events.  In this article, we will study the role of GIS In planning urban Resilient and promotion helping dominate crises and their proper management, in order to reduce financial losses and injuries. Besides we try to examine the methods to identify and classify historical and worn structures with the aim of planning and priority setting of seismic improvements and retrofitting buildings against earthquakes. Given the fact that the greatest concentration of resilience in crises is on improving the city's cultural, social, economic, physical and organizational dimensions, the use of the capabilities of the GIS system is very useful given the rich information layers.

Perception and employing our ancestors’ properties is of highest importance if the approach of our ancestor’s knowledge share be due to recreating creative designs in accordance to urban space and modern neighborhood. The fundamental needs of human or physical needs of architecture are adoptable because they seek to find a good framework to compare and rank different designs regarding the aesthetic aspects. Through this the strength and weak points in different architecture design particularly in local architecture of Iran can be specified. To do so, by examining Bazar and Timche and comparing and contrasting them with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the present study aimed to present a system to rank the aesthetic elements in them. Concepts such as introvert and extrovert in houses, linear and central structure, enclosure, geometry, and space that are the results of the elements of Bazar and Timche have some material and meaning qualities that can be ranked. The benefits to use such perspective by contributing tools such as hierarchy of basic needs provide us with having required confidence toward completeness of a design.

The importance of aesthetics in perceiving urban landscape seems to be essential. Usually, the subject of aesthetics holds a position in ideas and viewpoints of philosophers. In Islamic perspective all the creatures are beautiful due to their connection to the creator of all the beauties. In this research, the subjects such as landscape perception, landscape aesthetics, perception in viewpoints of Iranian Islamic philosophers, and aesthetics in both Holly Quran and ideas of Iranian Islamic philosophers are surveyed and analyzed. The purpose of this paper is to obtain some answers for these two questions: what are aesthetics indicators in Islamic view? How is landscape perception explained by these indicators? This is descriptive-analytic research. The findings are that Islamic philosophers consider absolute beauty, God, as origin of all the beauties. On the other hand, Islamic philosophers are believed to be holistic, using atomistic approaches. In addition, consideration to both subjective and objective axes in landscape aesthetics is thought to be necessary. Finally, indicators and components of Islamic aesthetics are introduced and landscape perception is provided based on these indicators in two fields of sensory-visual and social perceptions according to three perceptual fields of sensory, imaginary, and rational. How is landscape perception explained by these indicators? This is descriptive-analytic research. The findings are that Islamic philosophers consider absolute beauty, God, as origin of all the beauties. On the other hand, Islamic philosophers are believed to be holistic, using atomistic approaches. In addition, consideration to both subjective and objective axes in landscape aesthetics is thought to be necessary. Finally, indicators and components of Islamic aesthetics are introduced and landscape perception is provided based on these indicators in two fields of sensory-visual and social perceptions according to three perceptual fields of sensory, imaginary, and rational.