درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

In urban planning, access to public spaces provides social relations for citizens. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the elderly's requirements in public spaces (case study of Sheet Bazaar, Zanjan, Iran) in order to recognize and classify their strengths and weaknesses and present more appropriate and effective strategies for their improvement. In this research, the related literature on old age and requirements of the elderly in public open spaces was reviewed and the factors affecting their use of physical places were determined at the first stage of the study. After reviewing the literature, some observations on the elderly were made and questionnaires were given to 80 users with the age of over 65 years old to serve the purpose of this study. The results of the questionnaires indicate that the frequent problems of the elderly in public open spaces were identified as follows: pollution (24.8%), pavements and roads (24.6%), traffic (14.4%), safety (12.2%), insufficiency of maintenance and management (9.6%), and socio-cultural problems (5.3%). In addition, the result of the observations in the main research area shows that the design properties had the highest and maintenance-management services had the lowest success percentages. In the end, some solutions were presented for designing new public open spaces and developing the existing spaces.

Iranian Islamic culture can be appointed as an opportunity to promote urban design projects’ quality of implementation. Every community’s cultural brief can be traced in its economical, social structure. Theoretical and practical principals of Islam religion in compound with cultural conditions could lead to some executive policies in different important arena such as economical, political and social. These can promote each countries development in different aspects. Urban design projects needs efficient, smart and keen observing management system to be implemented well. Complicated process of an urban design project can be fulfilled and delivered only in this condition. “Urban Design is a political and not a technical issue. The technical aspects are very simple. The difficult decisions relate to who is going to benefit from the models adopted”. ENRIQUE PENALOSA says. In Iran urban management system as the only permissive system for defining and ratifying urban design projects, has the main role to have these projects implemented. Municipalities as the most important external parable of urban management system must define the projects on the base of real scope of the city, for instance considering the environmental, infrastructural, social and economical conditions and capacities of a city. So you can predict a project as a feasible plan. Scrutinizing the main challenges of implementation of urban Design plans and the feasibility of them in Iran, some points can be mentioned such as; weaknesses of the quality of implementation, over length of the implementing process or even not finishing or abandoning a project, and in many cases providing several parallel plans for some specified subjects of urban design project. This condition leads to consuming so much time and expenses and other sources in vein. So the subject of plans feasibility in urban design, as a main part of urban design process, is considered not only un-negligible but also vital. Research method On the base of the researches done by the author, the organizational system of urban developing management, due to its important role of coordinating other Interfering factors in development of the city, can be identified as the most important and influencing factor of urban design implementation process. In this article for increasing the validity of results, several methods have been used for collecting data. Studying related law materials and urban design projects, interviewing urban managers and professionals and experts. The qualitative and quantitative data and facts which have been collected and analyzed and presented via different tablets and models tells us that urban management system due to its important role of coordinating other interfering factors in the process of physical development of the city is that important if you ignore it, you might lose the best opportunities to promote the urban public spaces quality. Via the capabilities of the knowledge of urban design as an effective tool our cities can turn into better places to live. Of course it depends on how well you interface the cultural context of the area that is to be designed. Not studying well about social and cultural context of a society not only leads to spending time and money in vein but also by spoiling the knowledge of urban design and its policies for developing some area of a city can lead to a mall urban design project that ruins the townscape. Consequently people in this situation are unsatisfied with their cities decision makers and everyone who is concerned with the problem. In this condition the city managers would lose their social supports for the other coming projects. Defining the Problem Achieving good urban space is based on handling good urban design that is based on how deep we think about and how serious we take the procedural aspects of this interdisciplinary knowledge- profession. According to Lang (1994) a complete urban design process includes five steps; 1- intelligence