درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background: Education is a social process in which human beings reach social competence and individual growth. An institution that does this process is called the school. Among schools, primary schools are the most important environment for socialization and education of children, so physical education programs at this stage can provide conditions for the development of motor literacy and thus a healthy and active lifestyle. While refreshing the school yard and stimulating and encouraging the students' visual sense to engage in sports, the dynamic yard design provides a suitable ground for children to play spontaneously.Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the dynamic yard design on the physical, mental and academic performance of elementary school students.Materials and Methods: This research has been done by the library method to review related articles, take notes and infer from them.Results: The results of the research indicate that between the implementation of the dynamic yard plan and the variables of physical activity, vitality, reduction of behavioral incompatibilities, academic performance, and physical self-concept (athletic fitness, fat burning, physical appearance, flexibility, health, and self-esteem), there is a positive and significant relationship.Conclusion: Enriching the schoolyard by drawing play shapes and purposeful plans and encouraging students to do physical activities in their spare time can positively affect behavioral patterns, enthusiasm, learning, institutionalizing exercise at an early age, and developing basic skills and have public sports.

The southern part of Lorestan province in Pishkuh is one of the key areas for understanding the cultural periods of Southwest Iran. This area is located near one of the government centers of Elam (Susa in the south) and on two communication routes from south to north and west to east. Therefore, this area can be one of the essential communication areas between the Susa and the Mesopotamian lowlands, the mountainous region of Zagros, and the central plateau of Iran. However, due to the focus of Elam scholars on the two state centers of Susa and Anshan, there is no comprehensive picture of the state of settlements in this region during the Elam period. Based on this, this research aimed to determine and analyze the situation of the Elamite settlements in the area by conducting a systematic archaeological survey in 2016. As a result, 31 sites belonging to the Elamite period were identified. This research showed that most of the Elam sites were formed in the intermountainous valleys and the slopes of mounds. Most of them have a chronological sequence, and in terms of morphology, they show evidence of Elamite nomadic settlements in this region.

Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of examining the effectiveness of schema therapy on anger management and rumination in married women with high marital dissatisfaction. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design, utilizing a pretest-posttest control group with baseline assessment, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up measurements. A total of 30 married women with high marital dissatisfaction, who attended couples therapy clinics in the western part of Tehran between April and July 2022, were selected based on inclusion criteria and their willingness to participate in the research (with written informed consent obtained). These participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (schema therapy; n=15) or the control group (n=15) using random allocation. All participants completed the Anger Control Scale and Rumination Questionnaire at three stages of measurement. The therapy sessions were conducted in a group format over eight sessions, each lasting 1 to 1.5 hours, according to the schema therapy protocol. The hypotheses regarding the effectiveness of the intervention were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings: The results of this study indicated that there was no significant difference in the mean variables of anger management and rumination between the two groups at the pretest stage, suggesting the homogeneity of the research groups at this stage. However, there were significant differences between the two groups at the posttest and follow-up stages, indicating the effectiveness of the intervention on the mentioned variables and the persistence of its effects at the follow-up stage. A comparison between the experimental and control groups also revealed significant differences in the components of anger management and rumination. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the aforementioned therapy can be utilized as a psychological intervention to improve anger management and rumination in married women with high marital dissatisfaction.