بررسی قوانین و اصول حاکم بر حمایت از سرمایه گذاری خارجی در ایران، کانادا و ترکیه (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
غالب مبادلات بازرگانی و روابط مرتبط با سرمایه گذاری خارجی بر اساس معاهدات دو یا چند جانبه سرمایه گذاری، فی مابین کشورهای جهان و یا شرکت های مختلف چند ملیتی صورت می گیرد. برای سرمایه گذاران اهمیت دارد که آیا در صورت سرمایه گذاری در کشور دیگر، سرمایه و سود حاصل از سرمایه گذاری و... آنها مورد حمایت قرار می گیرد؟ و رعایت اصول حمایت از سرمایه گذاری خارجی در کشور هدف در چه سطحی قراردارد؟ با توجه به اهمیت فوق العاده مباحث و مسائل حقوقی مرتبط با حمایت از سرمایه گذران خارجی، از جمله راهکارهایی که بایست به طور جدی در این زمینه مدنظر قرار داد؛ توجه به موضوع امنیت قانونی سرمایه گذران است. در این مقاله تلاش شده تا «قوانین و اصول حاکم بر حمایت از سرمایه گذاری خارجی در ایران، کانادا و ترکیه» مورد نقد و تحلیل قرار گیرد. در این مقاله که به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و با بهره گیری از منابع و متون کتابخانه ای به انجام رسیده این نتایج حاصل گردید که امنیت قانونی در دوکشور مورد تطبیق یعنی ترکیه و کانادا از ضریب بسیار خوبی برخوردار بودهReview of the laws and principles governing the support of foreign investment in Iran, Canada and Türkiye
Most commercial transactions and relations related to foreign investment are based on bilateral or multilateral investment treaties between countries around the world or various multinational companies. It is important for investors whether their capital and profits from investment, etc., are protected when investing in another country? And what is the level of compliance with the principles of protection of foreign investment in the target country? Given the extreme importance of legal issues and issues related to the protection of foreign investors, among the solutions that should be seriously considered in this regard is the issue of legal security of investors. This article attempts to criticize and analyze the "laws and principles governing the protection of foreign investment in Iran, Canada and Turkey". In this article, which was carried out in a descriptive-analytical manner and using library resources and texts, the results were that legal security in the two countries under consideration, namely Turkey and Canada, had a very good coefficient.IntroductionInvestors will not take risks in foreign investment unless their financial prospects are guaranteed and the legal structure is sufficient to support foreign investment. These elements are a necessary and essential condition for a prudent and wise investment. Long procedures and obtaining permits, instability in property rights, restrictions on the freedom of entry and exit of currency, and creating insecurity in investment are among the issues that can affect the way a foreign investor decides to invest foreign capital. However, today, the tendency of the laws of different countries is to not discriminate between domestic and foreign investors as much as possible.In this regard, an attempt is made to examine, explain and explain the answers to the questions raised by using studies of library resources and texts, documents, information, laws and regulations, etc., and to present the results and propose scientific solutions based on the research findings. Theoretical FrameworkThe history of legislation on supporting foreign investment in Iran is very old, so much so that it can be said that it was one of the few countries in the region that passed such a law for the first time. From the point of view of historical examination, this issue can be examined at different times before and after the revolution.With a very high per capita income, Canada is one of the richest countries in the world and is a member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the Group of Eight countries. Canada is among the 10 largest trading countries in the world. Until 2008, Canada's total government debt burden was the lowest among the Group of Eight countries.Turkey is located at the center of an economic and political region called Eurasia, where three regions of the world, namely Europe, the former Soviet Union and the Middle East, meet. The proximity to the Balkans and Europe, as well as the growing markets in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, creates unique business opportunities. MethodologyThis article, which was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method and using library sources and texts, was carried out. Result and DiscussionForeigners are recognized as natural and legal persons who are not citizens or nationals of the country in which they have chosen to reside, based on the relationship of nationality. According to international law, countries are not obliged to accept foreigners and can adopt policies that discriminate in the admission of foreigners at their discretion. Foreigners should enjoy the same legal protection as citizens of the host country, and this is subject to the minimum international standard of justice and also subject to the host country's restrictions on property ownership or contractual rights. The activities of foreigners can be restricted by requiring them to periodically declare their place of residence to the competent government authorities, by imposing restrictions on economic activities and travel to the host country, or by engaging in their profession. ConclusionAlthough the Turkish government is still significantly involved in the economy, the private sector is growing rapidly. The banking sector has been able to overcome the financial turmoil relatively well with minimal government intervention; also, the regulatory environment is improving, with free market policies that support global trade and competitive investment. Canada also supports those who are useful to this country in any way, especially those who intend to invest in Canada, in order to develop and grow the economy and further improve the standards of living and social welfare. Providing long-term banking facilities, judicial protections within the framework of the law, and facilitating the implementation of administrative procedures for investment and job creation are some of the supports that the Canadian government provides to foreign investors. .
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