درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

 Recent advancements in cons truction and shifts in traditional housing practices in the villages of the Gilan Plain have resulted in a disconnect between the newly-cons tructed housing and its surrounding environmental, economic, physical, social, and cultural conditions. This s tudy aims to identify and evaluate the key components affecting traditional rural housing in the Gilan Plain and compare these with those found in the literature review. The s tudy employed a mixed-methods design, including descriptive-analytical approaches, a survey method, and a case s tudy approach, to examine rural housing in the Gilan Plain. The components were dis tilled into items and evaluated through a ques tionnaire dis tributed to 100 architectural experts, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. The components were then ranked using the Friedman tes t. To observe the functions of these components, 23 case s tudies of rural housing in the Gilan Plain were inves tigated. The findings showed that livelihood played a significant role in shaping the physical s tructure of rural homes in the Gilan Plain compared to other rural areas of Iran. Due to the region's favorable climate conditions, including an abundance of rain and vegetation, there has been a lack of emphasis on climate adaptation s trategies and resource management compared to other regions of Iran. The abundant fields and vegetation also serve important cultural functions, such as providing privacy.

Examining the importance and influence of financial market companies is one of the main issues in the field of financial management because sometimes the collapse of a stock exchange company can affect an entire financial market. One systematic way to analyze the significance and impacts of companies is to use complex networks based on Interaction Graphs (IGs). There are different methods for quantifying the edge weight in an IG. In this method, the graph vertices represent the stock exchange companies that are connected by weighted edges (corresponding to the extent to which they relate to each other). In this paper, using the GARCH model (1,1) and the Clayton copula, we obtained the lower tail dependence interaction network of the first 52 companies of the Tehran Stock Exchange in terms of average market value, between June 2017 and October 2020. Then, based on the minimum spanning tree of the interaction network, we divided the companies into different communities. Using this classification, it was observed that the companies of the first group (Food Industry) and the second group (Oil Refinery) have the greatest impact on other companies. We also calculated the central indexes of the minimum spanning tree for each company. According to the results, the companies of the third group (Steel) have the highest average in the central indicators.

The study of the elemental composition of silver coins minted in the Tabriz during the Qajar period can help to investigate the socio-economic situation of that period. In this case study, Proton- Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) analytical technique has been applied to twenty-eight Qajar silver coins selected from a private collection. the purpose was to study and investigate the changes in silver elements in Qirans of Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar in Tabriz mint. The metallic elements Ag, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Au were observed. The results show that the content of Ag the main constituent of the coins varies from 90.07 to 82.88%. this significant variation in the content of the major constituent reveals the economic difficulties encountered by the dynasty. The results, which are shown by using the PIXE technique, brought to light valuable information about the economy of the period under study.