درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The forced transition to online instruction due to covid-19 pandemic brought about many changes and challenges. Therefore, evaluating these changes is of utmost importance. The study aimed to contribute to the existing literature by investigating the online adaptation of Iranian EFL high-school teachers. Purposive sampling was employed to approach the 20 teacher participants of the study. To this end, the researchers used semi-structured interviews to gather qualitative data concerning their perception towards of online instruction. The results of the study were promising. Although they reported many challenges and shortcomings, they believed those weaknesses motivated them to increase their digital literacy and integrate ICT into their approach. Moreover, teachers saw the pandemic as a forced opportunity and believed it was time to harness the power of ICT integration in post-pandemic education. Finally, all the study findings and possible implications are discussed, and suggestions are presented to prevent barriers to online instruction.

Nowadays, along with the expansion of the era of globalization, the prosperity of trade, and internationalization, countries pay great attention to customs affairs to facilitate commercial issues. In this regard, they have tried to establish the security of this important process by involving the Navy. Therefore, the present research is trying to investigate the prospect of customs cooperation with the navy forces in facilitating maritime transport trade and developing international trade. From this point of view, following the expansion of the conceptual space of the subject, the role of the navy forces in facilitating maritime transport trade and the development of international trade will be investigated. According to the subject documents presented in this research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the process of collecting information in this research is library. The findings of this article indicate that "the relationship between customs cooperation with the navy forces is an interactive and mutual one, in a way that customs and commercial activities can create conditions in which the navy forces benefit and by establishing maritime and commercial security, navy forces can provide the necessary ground for facilitating maritime transport trade and the development of international trade.

Due to the high development of technology and limited research on pedagogical integration of web 2.0 in K-12 English classrooms, the objective of this study is to understand the web 2.0 technology integration in pedagogy in K-12 English classrooms in recent five years, find the gap, and provide insightful suggestions for further improvement. A systematic review with PRISMA 2020 guidance and theme analysis were conducted to achieve the research goal. The findings of the selected paper indicated that current English teachers valued technology-integrated content instruction, preferring to use more relevant and acceptable elements of teaching tools. The ongoing usage of adopting web 2.0 tool not only benefited students’ effective language learning but also enriched teachers’ teaching methods and improved teaching levels. Additionally, some obstacles were also revealed to web 2.0 tools' successful adoption in education, including the tool, teachers, and external influences. Relevant suggestions are made to improve the pedagogical integration of various tools.

Learning vocabulary seems to be a major focus of language instruction. The role of vocabulary knowledge in language learning has been studied by many researchers. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of using online Quizlet flashcards and student-created Quizlet flashcards on learning and retention of receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge. Sixty Iranian elementary high school students who were randomly divided into 3 groups (twenty subjects per group) participated in this study. The materials and data collection instruments included the Quick Placement Test (QPT), the students’ textbook, Top Notch1 from which the vocabulary items were selected, a pre-test, an immediate post-test, and a delayed post-test. It should be mentioned that the control group was taught the words through the conventional method while the first experimental group received the words using online flashcards and the next experimental group worked on developing their own Quizlet flashcards. The results showed that in terms of receptive vocabulary knowledge learning, the students of the online Quizlet flashcards group significantly outperformed students of the control group and online Quizlet flashcards. In learning of the productive vocabulary knowledge, the learners of the control group performed significantly better than other two experimental groups. The results on vocabulary retention revealed that students of the student-created Quizlet flashcards group significantly outperformed students of the control group in terms of retention of the receptive vocabulary knowledge, and in terms of the productive vocabulary knowledge retention there were no significant difference between the groups of the study. These findings will be advantageous for English language teachers to choose the teaching techniques which can facilitate the process of language teaching and learning.