درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Aging is influenced by a wide range of biological processes, with increasing attention focused on physical exercise as an effective, non-pharmacological intervention to support healthy aging and extend lifespan. This review examines how exercise influences aging mechanisms by activating Forkhead Box O (FOXO) proteins—especially FOXO3, a critical regulator of oxidative stress resistance, metabolism, and cellular repair. By integrating evidence from both animal models and human studies, we explore how different types of physical activity, including endurance and resistance training, enhance FOXO signaling pathways that govern mitochondrial health, autophagy, and inflammation control. FOXO activation appears to play a central role in mitigating age-related diseases such as sarcopenia, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer. While preclinical studies consistently demonstrate these protective effects, human data are more variable, highlighting the influence of age, sex, and intervention type. Understanding the molecular connection between exercise and FOXO activity can help develop targeted exercise recommendations to promote longevity and delay age-associated functional decline.

Over the past decade, there has been a rapid increase in the study of using artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the quality of life of individuals with disabilities. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the effect of a 6-week AI-generated core stability training program on balance and flatfoot in blind female students. This quasi-experimental study selected 30 female students aged 9-12 years with flatfoot in Tehran City, dividing them into two groups: one for experimental (N = 15) and another for control (N = 15). The experimental groups had six weeks of AI-based intervention with three sessions per week. During this period, the control group engaged in the routine activities of the physical education class. The navicular drop index and Y balance test were done as pre-posttest, respectively. The Covariance (ANCOVA) was used for inferential statistics. Data analysis was conducted at a significance level of 95% with an alpha level less than or equal to 0.05. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in the scores of the Y balance test (p<0.035) and the navicular drop test (p<0.001), even when the pre-test effect was taken into account (covariate). By leveraging AI to design tailored exercise regimens, practitioners can enhance postural control and musculoskeletal health in visually impaired individuals. These results underscore the potential of AI-assisted rehabilitation strategies in special education settings, highlighting the need for further researc

Purpose: The aim of this research is to compare the effects of three training methods — plyometric, weighted, and barbell (Turkish) training — on the anaerobic capacity of high school male volleyball players. A total of 48 subjects, aged 23 ± 5 years, were selected purposefully and randomly divided into four groups of 12 participants each. Method: The height and weight of the participants were recorded, and their anaerobic capacity was measured using the Lewis formula based on the vertical jump test during the pre-test. The three experimental groups performed weight training, plyometric exercises, and plyometric exercises combined with weights, respectively. The fourth group followed a standard volleyball training regimen. The training period lasted eight weeks, with three training sessions per week. After the eight weeks, a post-test was conducted to measure the effects of the different training methods on the participants' anaerobic capacity. Results: The results of this study showed: Eight weeks of weight training significantly improved the anaerobic capacity of the volleyball players eight weeks of plyometric training significantly improved the anaerobic capacity of the volleyball players. Eight weeks of barbell (Turkish) training significantly improved the anaerobic capacity of the volleyball players.There was no significant difference between the effects of the three training methods on anaerobic capacity. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that weight training, plyometric training, and barbell training are all effective in increasing the anaerobic capacity of volleyball players. Given the available time, number of athletes, and resources, any of these training methods can be selected to improve the anaerobic power of athletes. Coaches may choose the most appropriate method depending on the specific needs of their athletes and the resources available.