درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Proper siting of a public parking garage increasing efficiency and thus reducing the marginal park and indirectly increase the width of the streets and traffic is mental. At present, the location of public parking with traditional and is performed site visits. In this method, taking into account all factors affecting the location of public parking not possible with regard to the selected sites only a limited number of parameters such as the “land price” is performed. This would take away parking absorbent centers Travel and parking in the busy streets and increase traffic to the street. “Geographical Information Systems” (GIS) that science and technology are analyzing spatial data, in order to find the optimum system for the construction of public parking places are considered. The use of GIS in the field of land and increase the accuracy of the work is to reduce the number of hits. In this paper, weighting and combining information from different methods of allocating points such as weight, AHP nine degree and Fuzzy AHP and fuzzy index overlay method and a method using a combination of these methods were compared and the results were presented, and finally the appropriate methods.This article discusses how public parking location using GIS to consider all parameters affecting the positioning simultaneously offers. In this paper, factors affecting the location of public parking from three perspectives, 1. Near the parking lot to the Centers for Trip Attraction, 2. Factors Traffic and 3. The problem, especially in inner-city dumping ground "has been studied and given the location of these views, the conceptual model parking is provided. Below is the perfect place to build parking for the region's seven municipalities in Tehran.

Generally, studied villages as regard to the Socioeconomic structure have not considerable development in comparison with their around structure due to functional area. Nowadays, regarding rural development, proceeding with economical analysis of geographical areas has a great position. Considering the applied investigations, upon increasing the knowledge and literacy and scientific and practical skills, tendency for employment in the traditional areas has been decreased and interest for employment in modern and service departments has been increased as you may see in the Iran’s villages. We may say there are new and not discovered opportunities in these areas. Timely discovering and operating these opportunities, and constituting new and competitive businesses and works can provide salient socioeconomic privileges for the villagers. The results of this research indicates that the most proper rural development strategy in the region, environmental development and planning which is the optimum and sufficient pattern towards achieving the rural sustainable development in the region.

Iranian formal censuses indicate that the share of rural population in total population of Iran have been decreasing over the time and many villages are uninhabited. Migration statistics in Iran have also indicated intense migration from villages to the cities during the past half- century. Many researches have been conducted due to the importance of rural-urban migrations, during the past few years. Therefore, the main goals of this study are to criticize and evaluate the written articles using meta-analysis method in rural-urban migrations field and to identify the most important factors affecting rural-urban migrations, widely used theoretical approaches in this area and etc. The findings of this research show that attraction and repulsion viewpoint and Michael Todaro&rsquos theory are appropriate theoretical approaches to state the problem of rural-urban migrations in Iran. Also, urban attraction variables with impact size of 0.75 and occupation with impact size of 0.62 have the most effect on rural-urban migration. Other findings indicate that the most solutions proposed in the reviewed researches are general, vague and non-executive and there is no proportionality between the proposed solutions and the study objectives in most cases.

The questions of centralization and decentralization arise in every polity. The constitution or the practice or both have to settle how much of policy making is to be decided by the central government and by component bodies. By and large liberalism and decentralization tend to go together while authoritarianism tends to be associated with centralization. The constitutional model which is generally regarded as bringing about the largest amount or decentralization is federalism. This is said to sonstitute a half way house between confederacies (where component units dominate)and unitary states (where the center dominates) In its classical form at least , federalism stipulates that there have to be two independent levels of government (the centre and upper level component bodies (often named states) each of these levels has the right to decide on matters falling within its own sphere. There are difficulties in practice especially with respect to the constituent power and to the fields allocated to each level. Federalism must be based on a rigid constitution there has to be s supreme court protecting the independence of the two levels of government there has to be a second chamber defending the rights of the component bodies at the central level.yet there are variations in the extent to which the component bodies are protected and generally in the extent to which there is decentralization. On the one hand federal states are becoming more centralized on the other centralization cannot go beyond a given point without leading to gross inefficiency and perhaps to a break up of the regime as the communist experience showed. Partly for this reason there is a degree of convergence between federal and unitary states. Federalism is also associated with efforts to bring together independent states but this has occurred in a smell number of polities only. Attempts at achieving closer cooperation between states has led more commonly to confederacies, such as the Unites Nations. The European community or European :::union::: has innovated by forming a type of association labeled supranational which is intermediate between the confederal and the federal models. There is innovation in that developments take place gradually with new fields beings progressively covered new structures being set up and new member states joining. The problems of centralization and decentralization have exercised the minds of many in relation to many types of organization : both efficency and freedom appear to be at stake . federalism succeeded in a number of contexts but it is not the panacea which some suggest it is it is also so diverse that one has to refer to federalisms rather than to federalism . what is at stake is the need to find an equilibrium between the two extremes of over centralization and break up. Given the large number of situations in the contemporary world one should look for a variety of solutions and for a continuous evolution of the models which have hitherto been proposed.

The Internet along with many advantages has some disadvantages, and the lack of a complete understanding of cyberspace can cause damage in terms of mate selection method. This article attempts to address some of the disadvantages and threats that virtual spaces create in mate selection method and tries to introduce some strategies to prevent and reduce these emerging injuries. This study was conducted using a questionnaire survey and the reference method. The population of this research is all youth between 20 to 34 years old who live in Jahrom in 1395. The sampling methods used here is the cluster sampling method. The sample size has been calculated by the Cochran formula, and 320 people were selected. The questionnaire was 0.77 alpha general questionnaire and statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software in the form of analyzing the correlation coefficient and regression. In this research, after describing the stages of major indicators of family position as the most important unit of society, and after declaring the ideas about mate selection and cyberspace relationships, and mentioning them as opportunities and threats, emerging injuries following by cyberspace relationships and their influence on the mate selection methods are discussed. In this study, family attachment, traditional values and the level of religiosity are effective in young people attitudes to cyberspace mate selection, as well as effective variables have an impact on mate selection method with a coefficient of 0.611% were able to predict changes. In other words, effective independent variables have been able to define 0.611% of changes in mate selection methods, and the rest of the effects are due to some variables that are not included in this study.