فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات در علوم تربیتی

The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of ICT on entrepreneurship skills of educators in Mazandaran vocational and training centers. The research method was a descriptive survey one. The statistical population included all vocational teachers working at Mazandaran technical and vocational organization amounting to 260 people. Based on Krejcie and Morgam table, 155 people were selected through simple random sampling method. For data gathering, a researcher made-questionnaire consisting 28 closed response in the form of five-choice likert items along with library studies were used. The reliability index of the questionnaire was 0/76. The gathered data were analyzed by the use of SPSS statistical software. The results showed that ICT had an important effect on entrepreneurship skills (Managerial, personal and technical skills) of teachers in technical and vocational centers.

The purpose of the survey was to study the relationship between the rate of addiction to internet with academic motivation and social development. The method of the research was descriptive correlation. The statistical population included all high school students of Mazandaran province which consisted 99328 ones. 417 students were selected as statistical sample. Yang’s internet addiction questionnaire, with a reliability index of 0/95, Wailand’s standard growth development questionnaire with a reliability index of 0/92 and a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability index of 0/86 were used as the measurement tools. Formal and content validity of the tools were examined and confirmed by the related experts. The data were analyzed by both descriptive statistics including frequency and percentile tables, mean and standard deviation, and by inferential statistics including Pearson correlation coefficient and t test. The results showed that there was no significant difference between boy and girl students in urban and rural areas, but there was a significant reverse relationship between internet addiction and academic motivation among urban and rural students. There was also a significant reverse relationship between internet addiction and academic motivation between boy and girl high school level students in urban and rural areas.

This research aimed at evaluating the students’ information literacy and its relation with their tendency to e-learning. The research method was descriptive (correlation) from the point of view of gathering data, and an applied one from the point of view of objective (goal). The statistical population included all 9335 humanity major students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran Central Branch. 384 were selected as the statistical sample using Morgan table and through the use of classified random sampling method. The instruments for data-gathering were two researcher-made questionnaires, one for assessing students’ information literacy (on a scale of 7) and the other for e-learning (on a scale of 6). Formal, content and construct validity of both instruments were evaluated, and their reliability was estimated through Cronbach Alpha 0/80 and 0/73 respectively. Using SPSS software, the gathered data was analyzed through the use of descriptive and inferential methods such as Kolmogorov- Smirnov, one sample t-test, independent t and Freedman and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that student's tendency toward e-learning and their level of awareness regarding the five above mentioned standards of information literacy were higher than average level. The results also showed that there was a meaningful relationship between the level of information literacy of students and their tendency toward e-learning.

This research was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of multimedia software use in sociology course on educational progress, learning, and retention of the students. The method of this research was quasi-experimental one using post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all the second grade high school girl students (humanity major) in Juybar in 2010-11 academic year. Of them, two classes, namely 40 students were selected as statistical sample, 20 as experimental group and 20 as control group. The experimental group was taught using educational software and the control group was taught through traditional teaching methods (without using multimedia). To gather data, teacher-made questions, including post-test were used. Validity of the teacher-made test was confirmed by experts several times and reliability of the test was calculated about 0/87 using Cronbach Alpha. Collected data were described using descriptive statistics indexes such as mean and standard deviation and to make the findings generalizable, inferential statistics (independent t and dependent t) was used. Findings showed that teaching through multimedia software could affect the students’ achievements. Although teaching trough multimedia software is more effective than traditional methods to improve the learning process, no significant difference was detected. Besides, teaching with the use of multimedia software method had greater impact on the students’ retention compared to the traditional method of teaching.

The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between rate of internet use and the type of its use with academic performance of the students in Islamic Azad University of Zanjan. To reach this goal, in addition to theoretical studies and investigating research literature, data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. Experts approved the validity of the questionnaire and the reliability was estimated by Cronbach Alpha 0/88. The statistical population consisted of 12,309 Islamic Azad University undergraduate students, 364 people of whom were selected as the sample based on Cochran formula and through stratified random sampling method. The research method was an applied one in terms of purpose, and a correlation one as far as data gathering is concerned. Data analysis was performed through descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between internet use and academic performance of undergraduate students in Islamic Azad university of Zanjan. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the way to use internet in three aspects, that is, recreational, communicational, and educational aspects and the academic performance of the students.

This study aimed at the frequency and type of using cell-phone by high school students. The research method used was a descriptive-survey one. The statistical society included all the high school students in Mazandran in 2010-11 academic year. The sample was chosen through multi-stage stratified random sampling method and 383 subjects were selected based on Kerjecie and Morgan's Table. A researcher- made questionnaire was used for collecting data. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by related experts and its reliability was calculated through Cronbach Alpha by SPSS software 0/80. Two statistical methods were use in analyzing the gathered data, namely, descriptive statistics including: frequency, standard deviation and mean along with inferential statistics including: independent t test. The results showed that majority of the students had a cell-phone and consider it as a necessary tool. The girls were reported to use cell-phone and its tools more than the boy students. However, boy students used it more than girls for educational and learning purposes. There was no significant difference between boys and girls in using cell-phone for the sake of fun and social interactions.

The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of using computer conceptual maps­, compared with usual way of drawing them by pencil and paper­, in increasing learning, recalling and educational progress motivation in geology course among high school students. The study was conducted in semi experimental method in which students of 3 classes were classified in 3 groups. (Group 1: common pencil and paper conceptual maps, group 2: computer conceptual maps using Cmap software, and group 3: computer conceptual maps using Mind map software). First of all, pre-test and educational progress motivation test were conducted. After training, post test and educational progress motivation test were conducted. Three weeks later, second post test was also conducted. Test reliability was estimated 0/79. Results were analyzed statistically using one way Variance, Shefe determining test and Co-Variance analysis. Based on findings, it can be said that conceptual mapping using Cmap software in all dependent variables of the study, except educational progress motivation, did well compared to other methods in such a way that it had superiority over other two methods by having effective coefficient of 44 percent. Paper – pencil method did well compared to using Mind map software. Drawing conceptual maps using Cmap software having effective coefficient of 64 percent, had the most impact on students’ learning. After it, paper – pencil conceptual drawing and using Mind map software had the least impact on students’ learning. There was no significant difference among groups as far as educational progress motivation is concerned.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of using standards of designing electronic courses in educational contents of state-virtual universities in Iran. The method of the study was a descriptive-survey one. The statistical population was the educational content of electronic courses in state-virtual universities such as University of Science and Technology, and Shiraz University. Data collection was done through interview and observation and for recording data; a researcher-made check list was used. Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the check list was calculated 0/95. The data were analyzed through frequency tables, one sample t-test, Kolmogorov-Sminov and Friedman test. Results showed that using seven criteria for designing electronic courses and their components were suitable and appropriate. In addition, Friedman test results indicated ranking of criteria in the form of page layout, general information, language, organization, recourses, availability and evaluation. Finally, priority of indicators for each component was also determined.