درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The study examined whether education should be free or not among the public secondary school teachers in Ogun State in Nigeria. The study examined the status of the secondary schools in terms of funding available to public secondary schools in Ogun State. Methodology: The study applied Structural Functionalist theory and adopted qualitative method of data collection. Five (5) Key Informant Interviews (KII) and In-depth Interviews (IDI) were conducted respectively for both the Nigeria Union of Teachers (NUT) and Academic Staff Union of Secondary Schools (ASUSS) union in Ogun State. Result was analysed and transcribed via qualitative content analysis Findings: Findings revealed that teacher performance was not encouraging due to poor motivating factors; running of free education was more problematic and cumbersome due to inadequate funding by the government. Conclusion: The study recommended that Government need to abolish the free running of education and if not opt in or re-introduce the Parent Teacher Association (PTA levy) to the public secondary school as this will screen out unserious students who constitutes the student population in various schools across the state

purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the perception and experience of teachers and educational managers about the implementation of the professional ranking plan of teachers in the education system of the Iran. Methodology: The method of this research is a qualitative exploratory research which has been conducted in an interpretive analysis method. The data gathering tool was a semi-structured interview, with interviews with 15 experienced teachers, principals, and executives of the project. Sampling was done using purposeful snowball method. For data analysis, coding was used in both open and axial coding. Findings: The results of the research showed that the teacher ranking plan has legal, scientific, professional and managerial requirements for its implementation. The main strengths of the plan include increasing teachers' motivation, improving teachers' skills, reducing teachers' livelihood issues, improving student achievement and reducing inequality. The weaknesses include lack of comprehensiveness of the plan, lack of transparency, the ability to apply personal opinion, the length of the process, high emphasis on seniority, weakness in information and lack of implementation. Conclusion: The most important solutions identified for improving the design are: having a professionalism approach to teachers, paying attention to improving teachers' livelihoods, teamwork and continuous evaluation, holistic approach, and bureaucracy reduction.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to design and validate the questionnaire of organizational factors affecting the transfer of learning to the workplace in Islamic Azad Universities of the west of Iran. Methodology: The method of data collection was mixed of sequential exploratory design type. Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interview with 15 people including faculty members and specialists of training and human resource development who were selected through purposive sampling of theoretical and snowball sampling type. The analysis of qualitative data was carried out through grounded theory method. In quantitative section, researcher-made questionnaire was investigated by 11 experts and its relative content validity was calculated. In this way, the validity of the questionnaire was verified by the specialists and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (0/873). Afterwards, the final version was distributed among 309 employees from the universities. To validate the designed tool, confirmatory factor analysis was used. SPSS and Lisrel software were used for this purpose. Finding: In the qualitative section, 25 components were identified which were presented in paradigmatic model template including 6 dimensions; causal conditions, core phenomenon, context conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences. The quantitative stage results showed that fit indices, factor loads and t-values obtained from each criterion were fit and the 6 main dimensions and their factors had the ability to explain the variable of learning transfer. Conclusion: The organizational factors, especially organizational culture, have an important place in learning transfer due to their role as facilitator and stimulator.

Introduction: This research aimed the effectiveness the dimensions of university education on women's social resilience to develop small and medium enterprises. Methodology: The research was applied in terms of purpose and an exploratory blend in terms of the method type. The statistical population of the study in the qualitative section of the research included all faculty members, and in the quantitative phase, all female graduates of the Governmental and Azad universities in Babolsar, Ramsar, Babol, Behshahr, Joybar, Chalous, Sari, Savadkouh, Noor, Noshahr, Neka, Amol, Tonekabon, Ghaemshahr, and محمودabad. Through the qualitative section, the purposeful sampling method was utilized and the sample size was determined based on the saturation law of 15 individuals. In the quantitative section regarding the unlimited size of the society, 384 individuals were selected as sample using the cluster random sampling method. The measurement tool consisted of two researcher-made questionnaires based on the data obtained from theoretical foundations and interviews with the due experts in which included a 28 questions on university education with the aim of identifying small and medium enterprises and 35 questions on social resilience. In order to analyze the data, in addition to the encoding, the descriptive statistics indices (mean and standard deviation) and the inferential statistics indices (confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis) were used in the framework of structural equations using the SPSS21 and Amos software. Findings: The results of structural equations showed that entrepreneurship education, university in-service training programs, virtual education, formal education, side skills training, and basic work and theoretical education affect the social resilience of graduated women. In addition, according to the standardized regression coefficients (β), in-service training programs with an impact level of 0.510 had the most impact and formal education with the effect of 0.264 had the least effect on the social resilience of female graduates of Universities of Mazandaran. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, the decision makers and the appropriate policies of the university administrators help to make more and better university education to promote social resilience of their students.

Abstract Purpose: This study was conducted to effect of multimedia applications and e-learning on the quality of teaching of faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran province. Methodology: The population of the study was all 1532 faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran. which 210 persons were randomly selected from by category random sampling method based on Kerjeci &Morgan table. The measurement tool included researcher made questionnaire in two parts of Multimedia programs and e-learning with 38 questions and 40 questions of teaching quality. Face and content validity of the tool was confirmed by experts and its reliability was calculated 0/93 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Frequency, mean indicators and standard deviation reports were studied to analyze data in descriptive statistics. The central limit theorem and Smirnov & Kolmogorov test with z approximation were used to determine the appropriate statistical methods in the inferential section and parametric methods were used for data analysis. One-sample t-test was used to achieve the objectives of the research in studding the status of indicators and also independent t-test and ANOVA were used in intra group’s comparisons. Because of the researcher made survey instrument, in addition to the calculation of Cronbach’s alpha, exploratory and confirmatory analysis was done based on the defined components. Findings: Pearson correlation test was used to examine the relationship between the study variables, as well as Bivariate linear regression analysis was performed in order to study the sixth question of the research. SPSS 22 software and LISREL 8.5 were used for data analysis. The results showed that: the quality of teaching and its components, and multimedia programs and e-learning and its components in Islamic Azad University units are at a higher level than average. Discussion: And all Pearson correlation values between independent variables of e-learning and its components and multimedia programs and the quality of teaching dependent variables and its dimentions is significant and direction of these relationships is positive.