درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose : The present study was carried out aiming to identify the challenges and opportunities of virtual teaching during the Coronavirus pandemic from the perspective of teachers. Methodology : The present study was applied in terms of its purpose and qualitative in terms of its implementation. The statistical population includes middle school and high school teachers in the city of Dehloran during the 2020-2021 school year. The sample size was determined 18 people based on the principle of theoretical saturation and purposive sampling was used. The study was conducted through semi-constructed interviews and data analysis was done based on thematic analysis. The credibility of the findings was assessed using face validity (Five academic experts including two sociology professors, one psychology professor, and two curriculum design professors) and Cohen’s kappa agreement coefficient was used for reliability, for which a value of 0.88 was obtained. Findings : Findings show that 23 open codes and 7 axial codes (a globalized approach, parents’ experiences, the lower psychological and economic cost of virtual teaching, the constant nature of virtual teaching, the adaptability of pillars of the education system, a selective teaching method, and teachers’ social status) were identified as opportunities of virtual teaching. Also, 24 open codes and 8 axial codes (infrastructural factors, economic challenges, ambiguity about roles, lack of technological skills, lost motivation in teachers and students, the risk of teaching, and teachers’ competencies) were identified as challenges of virtual education during the pandemic. Conclusion : Given the uncertainty of when the pandemic will be completely done with, the continuation of virtual teaching is necessary and those in charge of education must seriously pay attention to the present challenges to improve its quality.

Purpose: The purpose of the present research is to review the effectiveness of philosophy education program for children on critical thinking and its components in elementary fourth-grader girl students. Material and method: This was a semi-experimental study with designing pretest and posttest and the control group with following-up phase. Findings: This statistical population consists of elementary fourth-grader girl students in Arak, district 2. The sample of this research consists of 50 students that were selected by convenience sampling method and divided to two control and test groups. Shabani (1999) critical thinking questionnaire was used for data collection. Discussion: The results of covariance analysis showed that execution of the philosophy education program for children improves critical thinking, recognition ability, analogizing, and judgments in children (P<0.05). Furthermore, the effectiveness of philosophy education program for children was durable in fallowing-up test.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate teachers' experiences of social status. Methodology: The present study was conducted using descriptive phenomenological method. The statistical population of the study included all the official teachers of education in the country in the academic year of 2018-19. The research sampling method was purposive and the data collection method was semi-structured interview. Accordingly, 14 teachers with at least 10 years of experience were interviewed. The selected teachers were from all over Iran and were not limited to a specific province. To analyze the data, the descriptive phenomenological method of Kliz, which has seven stages, was used. Findings: The findings of the study indicated that teachers' lived experiences of social status fall into three general dimensions: definition of social status, deterrence of social status and promotion of social status. The definition of social status from the teachers' point of view includes three central dimensions: social status as psychological need, social status as social status, and social status as class status. Deterrence of social status includes the following categories: teacher's imagery, inappropriate social imagery of the teacher, systematic discrimination, lack of professional identity, job gaps, lack of accountability and institutional support, sense of institutional inefficiency, media inefficiency, Weak trade union organization, professional inefficiency, and unequal power relations. Also promoting social status such as macro policy reform, institutional cohesion and cooperation, job identity development, professional empowerment, strengthening social authority, strengthening social authority, reforming managerial and organizational practices, strengthening teacher-centered participation, improving welfare facilities and Includes strengthening trade union organization. Conclusion: The social status of teachers is a cultural and social matter that finds meaning based on the context of teachers' activities.

Purpose: What is changing today is expanding customer loyalty. In organizations such as the Melli Bank, customer relationship management is more sensitive. Because the customer is considered to be part of the service provided in the service delivery process, and the customers are the lifeblood of the banks. The Melli Bank can not only seek new customers, but also keep customers and convert them to loyal customers as one of the priorities. Customer relationship management is a multi-faceted approach to marketing, sales and customer care. The Melli Bank manages customer relationship management in order to create customer loyalty and improve organizational performance. The purpose of the present study was to identify the organizational impact on organizational performance by considering the relationship between marketing integration in the employees of the Melli Bank of Isfahan Is. Methodology: This research, in terms of applied purpose and in terms of nature and method, is a descriptive survey. The statistical sample is 299 employees of the Melli Bank of the city of Isfahan. Findings: The method of collecting theoretical bases, libraries and data collection tools, a researcher-made questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha, 0/851 and response rate of 0/93.Conclusion: The results of the analysis indicate that organizational learning is effective on the performance of communication management.

Purpose: The aim of the present study is Identify and develops effective components on competency model of elementary school principals in Tehran. Method: This study is combinations type that discovery in the form of mixed research. The study population included all managers and assistants Tehran elementary schools in the qualitative section using theoretical sampling 35 subjects and in quantity section, using simple random sampling method, 250 managers and deputies managed primary schools were selected as samples. The data collected from semi-structured interviews and standardized questionnaires. The data were analyzed using content analysis and structural equation modeling. Findings: The obtained results indicate four components eligibility of the individuals, competence, interpersonal, managerial competencies and academic merit and expertise with the index 137. That in order of priority managerial competencies 32 index, Eligibility of the individuals with 54 indexes, Interpersonal competencies 24 Index and academic and professional qualifications of with 17 indicators, Scientific competence and expertise with 10 indexes, career and professional qualifications of the 27 indicators competency model are as the most important components of the country's education system elementary school principals. Conclusion: And these components have a significant positive effect on the competence of elementary school principals and managerial competencies.