مطالب

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between gut microbiome composition, athletic performance, and post-exercise recovery in endurance athletes following probiotic supplementation.  Method: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 40 male endurance runners (age: 28.3 ± 5.2 years) were randomly assigned to either a probiotic (n=20) or placebo (n=20) group for 8 weeks. The probiotic group received a daily supplement containing a blend of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, and Lactobacillus plantarum (20 billion CFU total). Fecal samples were collected before and after the intervention and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Athletic performance was assessed through VO2max testing and time to exhaustion. Recovery was evaluated by measuring delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and creatine kinase (CK) levels. Results: The probiotic group showed a significant increase in gut microbial diversity (Shannon index: p<0.01) and relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus (p<0.001). Significant improvements were observed in VO2max (4.7%, p<0.05) and time to exhaustion (7.2%, p<0.01) in the probiotic group compared to placebo. The probiotic group also demonstrated reduced DOMS (23%, p<0.05) and lower peak CK levels (18%, p<0.01) relative to the placebo group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that changes in Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium abundances were significant predictors of performance improvement (R² = 0.68, p<0.001). Conclusion: This study provides evidence that gut microbiome modulation through probiotic supplementation can enhance athletic performance and accelerate post-exercise recovery in endurance runners. These findings suggest that targeted manipulation of the gut microbiome may be a novel strategy for improving sports performance and recovery.

This study was conducted with the aim of designing a leisure model for cultural figures in the port city of Nowshahr with an emphasis on beach and sea sports. Based on the purpose, this research was an applied research, and based on the data collection method, it was a survey-descriptive research. The statistical population of this study consisted of all educators of Nowshahr who use the beaches of Nowshahr for leisure; a total of 285 educators from Nowshahr were selected as a sample. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire including four sections of demographic information, factors affecting leisure time, leisure time constraints, and how to spend leisure time with 49 questions. According to the objectives of this study, the correlation method and the component ranking method were performed by Friedman test using SPSS software. The results showed that social and cultural factors, safety and security, human factors, socializing with friends, and physical health and fitness, respectively, showed the highest average rank in determining the factors affecting the way cultural figures spend their leisure time in Nowshahr-port city; The results also showed that the lack of facilities; The limitations of environmental and health problems and the limitations and costs of financial issues showed the most limitations in the way of spending the leisure time of the cultural figures of Nowshahr-portcity, respectively. On the other hand, the results showed a correlation between active leisure time with physical health and fitness; Socializing with friends, human factors; There was a significant relationship between safety and security and social and cultural factors; Also according to the results between inactive leisure with physical health and fitness; Socializing with friends, human factors; There was a significant relationship between safety and security and social and cultural factors.