مرتضی قربانی آسیابر

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the influence of genetic polymorphisms and metabolomic profiles on physiological adaptations to a 6-week High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) program in individuals with moderate fitness levels, addressing the variability in exercise response. Method: Thirty moderately fit adults participated in a supervised 6-week HIIT intervention. Pre- and post-training assessments included VO2max, lactate threshold, genetic profiling of key polymorphisms (e.g., PPARGC1A rs8192678) using PCR and next-generation sequencing, and untargeted metabolomic analysis via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Statistical analyses involved paired t-tests, multivariate regression, principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Results: Significant improvements were observed in VO2max (p < 0.001) and lactate threshold (p = 0.004). Carriers of the PPARGC1A G allele showed greater aerobic capacity gains, accompanied by upregulation of PGC-1α expression. Metabolomic profiling revealed significant shifts in glucose and lipid metabolism pathways post-HIIT. Multivariate models identified interactions between genetic variants and metabolomic changes that predicted individual training responsiveness. Conclusion: Integrating genetic and metabolomic data enhances understanding of individual variability in HIIT adaptations and supports the development of personalized exercise prescriptions to optimize health and performance outcomes.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between gut microbiome composition, athletic performance, and post-exercise recovery in endurance athletes following probiotic supplementation.  Method: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 40 male endurance runners (age: 28.3 ± 5.2 years) were randomly assigned to either a probiotic (n=20) or placebo (n=20) group for 8 weeks. The probiotic group received a daily supplement containing a blend of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, and Lactobacillus plantarum (20 billion CFU total). Fecal samples were collected before and after the intervention and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Athletic performance was assessed through VO2max testing and time to exhaustion. Recovery was evaluated by measuring delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and creatine kinase (CK) levels. Results: The probiotic group showed a significant increase in gut microbial diversity (Shannon index: p<0.01) and relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus (p<0.001). Significant improvements were observed in VO2max (4.7%, p<0.05) and time to exhaustion (7.2%, p<0.01) in the probiotic group compared to placebo. The probiotic group also demonstrated reduced DOMS (23%, p<0.05) and lower peak CK levels (18%, p<0.01) relative to the placebo group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that changes in Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium abundances were significant predictors of performance improvement (R² = 0.68, p<0.001). Conclusion: This study provides evidence that gut microbiome modulation through probiotic supplementation can enhance athletic performance and accelerate post-exercise recovery in endurance runners. These findings suggest that targeted manipulation of the gut microbiome may be a novel strategy for improving sports performance and recovery.