مطالب

Recently, the India-Pakistan conflict has escalated after the Pahalgam terrorist attack. The Indo-Pakistani conflict has been one of the longest running issues in International Politics since World War II. The two countries' nuclear weapon tests in May 1998, as a turning point, have had a profound effect on the conflict. Since then, two views have emerged on the impact of these weapons on the conflict. On the onehand, the followers of the optimistic view have emphasized the stabilizing nature of nuclear weapons, and on the other hand, those who are known for their pessimistic approach have spoken of the possibility of an escalation of the Indo-Pakistani conflict. The purpose of this article is to investigate the consequences, whether positive or negative, of possessing nuclear weapons on India and Pakistan’s bilateral conflict; more precisely, the article focuses on answering the following question: What role have nuclear weapons played in de-escalating the India-Pakistan conflict? An investigation of the events of the last 27 years in India-Pakistan relations, especially its critical points, reveals that nuclear weapons have had an impact on the New Delhi-Islamabad conflict by deterrence and compellence. Adopting a moderate approach (between optimists and pessimists), an attempt has been made to examine the de-escalation of tensions between India and Pakistan over the past 27 years in the shadow of nuclear weapons.

This study fills important gap in literature by examining how knowledge diplomacy can drive transformation in Iran’s education. Confronting outdated policies and rapidly shifting global benchmarks, in what ways can knowledge diplomacy be harnessed to promote lasting innovation and address the systemic obstacles facing Iranian schools? Drawing on a condensed Causal Layered Analysis framework, the research explores: surface-level patterns like policy changes and international partnerships, the economic and structural forces at work, dominant cultural narratives and ideologies, and deep metaphors that influence public and institutional mindsets. By streamlining methodological exposition, the paper remains sharply focused on practical implications for school leaders and policymakers. From this analysis, four future leadership scenarios emerge: An Alternative scenario marked by heightened global engagement; A Trend-Based scenario of slow progress amid cautious modernization; An Exploratory scenario prioritizing inward-looking reforms and curriculum design; A Back-casting scenario envisioning Iran as a hub of collaborative educational excellence. The findings demonstrate that embedding knowledge diplomacy strategically not only remedies current weaknesses in Iran’s schooling system but also lays down a solid foundation for far-reaching reforms that align domestic practice with international standards. The study concludes with targeted recommendations, urging educational leaders and policy architects to adopt proactive strategies, cultivate visionary leadership, and establish flexible policy frameworks. In doing so, Iran’s sector can become more innovative, responsive, and globally competitive. Beyond its immediate conclusions, this integrated analysis advances our understanding of how knowledge exchange and policy reform interact, offering a clear roadmap for sustained progress in today’s dynamic educational landscape.

Resilience is a psychological characteristic that enables individuals to return to their normal lives after experiencing adversity and stressful situations, thereby preventing feelings of failure and defeat in life. In medical communities, due to high-pressure job demands and environmental stressors, resilience is considered one of the most critical components of psychological well-being, closely linked to one’s professional role and job satisfaction. In this regard, the present study investigates the effect of the Five Major Personality Factors on resilience, with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation. The statistical population consisted of physicians working at Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz during the second half of the 2024-2025 academic year. Following the acquisition of the ethics approval code (IR.IAU.TABRIZ.REC.14040.182) a sample of 384 individuals was selected based on Morgan's table through stratified random sampling with proportional allocation across four strata: internal medicine (male), internal medicine (female), neurology (male), and neurology (female), according to the actual distribution in the population. The participants completed the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI; 1985), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC; 2003), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ; Garnefski & Kraaij, 2006). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with partial least squares (PLS) in Smart PLS software. The results indicated that all of the Five Major Personality Factors, except for openness to experience and agreeableness, had a significant effect on resilience. Moreover, all personality traits except agreeableness significantly influenced resilience through the mediating variable of cognitive emotion regulation. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that individuals’ level of resilience is influenced by their personality traits and the factors affecting their emotion regulation.

Social adjustment functions as a connecting bridge in human interactions. High self-worth, by enhancing employees’ communication and interpersonal skills, provides a foundation for greater psychological well-being. In fact, a major portion of self-worth’s influence on mental well-being is realized through an individual’s capacity to establish constructive relationships with others in the workplace. The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of social adjustment in the relationship between self-worth and psychological well-being among employees. This research was applied in purpose and employed a descriptive-correlational design using structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population consisted of all 240 female employees of Zahedan Health Center in 2024, all of whom were included in the study through a census sampling method. Data were collected using Bell Adjustment Inventory (1961), Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale by Crocker et al. (2003), and Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale (1995). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 20 and LISREL software. Path analysis results revealed significant positive correlation between social adjustment and psychological well-being (r = 0.79, p < 0.01), between self-worth and social adjustment (r = 0.57, p < 0.01), and between self-worth and psychological well-being (r = 0.48, p < 0.01). The Sobel test yielded a Z-value of 12.45, which exceeded the critical value of 1.96. Therefore, at a 95% of confidence level, it can be concluded that social adjustment plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between self-worth and employees’ psychological well-being.