درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Considering students expectations and rivalry among higher education institutions, novel practical ways through adaptation of market-oriented mechanisms as well as business mechanisms in higher education are required. The present paper, therefore, aims to examine mechanisms for positioning in Iranian higher education. In doing so, phenomenological approach was applied. A purposive sample of 10 informants consisting of higher education experts and deans was selected. To analyze data, open, axial, and selective coding system was applied and the findings were organized under mechanisms for positioning in higher education. With regard to target market in higher education, attracting factors and success factors were yielded. With regard to positioning in higher education, 4 categories were identified including emphasis on relative advantage, emphasis on Basic resource, emphasis on marketing techniques, and emphasis on customers’ perception. Barriers and constraints were categorized under 6 main categories: political, administrative, institutional, cultural and social, economic, and academic. Based on literature and findings, conceptual framework on mechanisms for positioning in higher education was developed. Considering students expectations and rivalry among higher education institutions, novel practical ways through adaptation of market-oriented mechanisms as well as business mechanisms in higher education are required. The present paper, therefore, aims to examine mechanisms for positioning in Iranian higher education. In doing so, phenomenological approach was applied. A purposive sample of 10 informants consisting of higher education experts and deans was selected. To analyze data, open, axial, and selective coding system was applied and the findings were organized under mechanisms for positioning in higher education. With regard to target market in higher education, attracting factors and success factors were yielded. With regard to positioning in higher education, 4 categories were identified including emphasis on relative advantage, emphasis on Basic resource, emphasis on marketing techniques, and emphasis on customers’ perception. Barriers and constraints were categorized under 6 main categories: political, administrative, institutional, cultural and social, economic, and academic. Based on literature and findings, conceptual framework on mechanisms for positioning in higher education was developed.

Nowadays, many companies cannot see the digital investment that plays a main role in the IR 4.0. Therefore, this study is investigating the study of investment as plays a critical role in an analytical activity to assess the benefits and costs of an investment and can be used as an investment justification. Traditional investment appraisal uses a financial approach where the benefits and costs are quantified in a certain amount of value for money and then compared in value. Moreover, this study is revealed the fruitful outcomes because revealed the investment valuation method with NPV (Net Present Value) and ROV (Real Option Valuation). ROV is an alternative to financial valuation. Seeding from the same philosophy as Financial Option, ROV has advantages in handling the flexibility, risk, and volatility that may occur from an investment. Thus, ROV is considered more able to appreciate an investment that has these characteristics. Investment appraisal with ROV is better able to appreciate investment than traditional financial methods, as shown by ROV's NPV results in the case of marketing with Loyalty points through email communication as a digital investment that are greater than ordinary NPV. This is because ROV can appreciate flexibility in investments that have choices of investment plans in the future