International Marketing Modeling

Price is one of the most significant factors in competing in the retail market. This study aims to present the interpretive-structural modeling of elements affecting store price image, considering local and situational variables. Having analyzed KIOSERT analysis and been sure of accuracy in variables choice, the interpretive-structural modeling was used at the level of categories. The outcome of interpretive-structural modeling was a two-level model, in which the first one consisted of ‘services’, ‘enthralling factors’, ‘store factors’, and ‘social responsibility’, and in the second level, the variables consisted of ‘competitors’, ‘buyer factors’, ‘price and promotions’, and ‘sale policies’. In addition to the mentioned model, another finding of the study is depicting driving-dependency power, in which research variables are divided into four groups: autonomous, dependent, independent, and linkage. Accordingly, the ‘competitors’, ‘buyer factors,’ ‘price and promotions’, ‘sale policies’, ‘enthralling factors’, ‘store factors’, and ‘social responsibility’ belong to linkage variables and ‘service’ variable, by itself, belong to independent variables. 

Public service advertisement concentrates on beliefs and attitudes of its target audiences. The aim to examine the effectiveness of public service advertisement through the hormonal marketing approach. This semi- experimental research which involves pre-test and post-test phases consists of two groups, that is, a test group and a control group. Some female students at the University of Mazandaran who were chosen by matched sampling formed the statistical population of this study and were divided into two groups of ten. These people were asked to watch a video with the theme of public service advertisements. Before and after watching the video, blood sample was taken from each person, and every individual was given a gift card and a choice to donate them to charities or keep them to themselves after watching the video. SPSS version 18 was used as the software for data analysis and hypothesis testing. The results revealed that public service advertisements affected the oxytocin hormone secretion, but this have not any impacts on donations made by the test subjects and public service advertisements didn’t influence charitable donations. Changes to oxytocin hormone in response to the effect of public service advertisements was affected by individual differences which depended on personal attributes, location and characteristics.

The high transparency and ability of consumers to transmit advertising content quickly in the modern age require that organizations consider authenticity and interaction with customers among their top priorities and combine consumer-generated advertising (CGA) with their own marketing strategies in order to respond to these priorities. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting consumers' attitudes and willingness toward consumer-generated advertising and its effect on brand loyalty and attachment. This is an applied study conducted using the descriptive correlational survey method. Its statistical population consists of dairy consumers of Kalleh Company in Mazandaran Province. A total of 460 questionnaires were distributed by stratified random sampling and descriptive and inferential statistics was used for data analysis. Structural equation modeling and Smart PLS2 were used to test the hypotheses. The reliability of the questionnaires was determined by Cronbach's alpha test and composite reliability coefficient. Results showed that brand attachment had a significant positive effect on attitude toward advertising production and willingness to participate in advertising production. Attitude toward advertising production has a significant positive effect on willingness toward CGA as well as on brand loyalty. It was also shown that brand attachment has a significant positive effect on loyalty. The rapid changes in technology and the development of effective advertising in the modern businesses require defining the concept of CGA, which is addressed in the present study. Also, based on the results of this study, brand attachment increases customers’ willingness toward and participation in CGA. An increase in customers' willingness and involvement in advertising production will also increase their loyalty.

The purpose of present study in terms of data collection is practical, and in terms of descriptive research is correlation. The statistical population of this study is all Pasargad insurance customers in 2019. For collecting data, 397 standard questionnaires were distributed and returned. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 24 and SmartPLS3 software. The results show that brand reputation has a significant effect on brand trust and customer loyalty; alternative attractiveness has a positive and significant effect on brand trust, but its effect on customer loyalty was rejected. Also, the company's image has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty and emotional satisfaction. Brand trust has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. Emotional satisfaction also has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. Also, the mediating role of emotional satisfaction in influencing the company's image on customer loyalty was confirmed, and finally, the mediating role of brand trust in the influencing of brand reputation on customer loyalty and alternative attractiveness on customer loyalty was confirmed.

Considering students expectations and rivalry among higher education institutions, novel practical ways through adaptation of market-oriented mechanisms as well as business mechanisms in higher education are required. The present paper, therefore, aims to examine mechanisms for positioning in Iranian higher education. In doing so, phenomenological approach was applied. A purposive sample of 10 informants consisting of higher education experts and deans was selected. To analyze data, open, axial, and selective coding system was applied and the findings were organized under mechanisms for positioning in higher education. With regard to target market in higher education, attracting factors and success factors were yielded. With regard to positioning in higher education, 4 categories were identified including emphasis on relative advantage, emphasis on Basic resource, emphasis on marketing techniques, and emphasis on customers’ perception. Barriers and constraints were categorized under 6 main categories: political, administrative, institutional, cultural and social, economic, and academic. Based on literature and findings, conceptual framework on mechanisms for positioning in higher education was developed. Considering students expectations and rivalry among higher education institutions, novel practical ways through adaptation of market-oriented mechanisms as well as business mechanisms in higher education are required. The present paper, therefore, aims to examine mechanisms for positioning in Iranian higher education. In doing so, phenomenological approach was applied. A purposive sample of 10 informants consisting of higher education experts and deans was selected. To analyze data, open, axial, and selective coding system was applied and the findings were organized under mechanisms for positioning in higher education. With regard to target market in higher education, attracting factors and success factors were yielded. With regard to positioning in higher education, 4 categories were identified including emphasis on relative advantage, emphasis on Basic resource, emphasis on marketing techniques, and emphasis on customers’ perception. Barriers and constraints were categorized under 6 main categories: political, administrative, institutional, cultural and social, economic, and academic. Based on literature and findings, conceptual framework on mechanisms for positioning in higher education was developed.

This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between loyalty, satisfaction, and commitment with relationship marketing to create value for customers and has been designed to collect data from the questionnaires used . The questionnaires have been distributed among individuals 193 customers, of Port and Maritime Organization in order to analyze the data and present the results of SPSS software and structural equation is utilized. The results of this study show that between 4 variables (trust, commitment, relationship, loyalty) of the costumers, there are significant relation and correlation. Based on the relationship marketing to component development, hypothesis (customer loyalty) has the highest average (3.5984), hypothesis (There is a significant relation between the organization commitment and create value in Port and Maritime Organization) has the lowest average (3.3871). Finally, by performing a statistical theory test for the whole hypothesis, all of them were approved and accepted.