درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The objective of this study was to explore the strategies and challenges associated with intellectual property (IP) management in early-stage technology ventures. By examining how these ventures navigate the complexities of IP, the study aims to provide insights into the practices that contribute to their innovation, competitive advantage, and long-term sustainability. This qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews with 27 participants who were actively involved in managing IP within early-stage technology ventures. Participants were selected through purposive sampling to ensure relevant experience in IP management. Data were collected until theoretical saturation was achieved. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using NVivo software, following a thematic analysis approach to identify key themes and subthemes. The analysis revealed three main themes: the importance of IP, IP management strategies, and challenges in IP management. Participants highlighted the strategic role of IP in providing a competitive edge, attracting investment, and facilitating market differentiation. Key strategies identified included systematic identification and protection of IP, collaboration and partnerships, and enforcement mechanisms. Challenges encompassed financial constraints, legal and regulatory complexities, lack of IP knowledge, internal organizational issues, and external threats such as cybersecurity risks and global competition. These findings align with existing literature on IP management and underscore the multifaceted nature of IP in early-stage ventures. Effective IP management is crucial for the success of early-stage technology ventures. The study emphasizes the need for robust IP strategies, education and expertise in IP, strategic collaborations, and vigilant enforcement mechanisms. Addressing financial and regulatory challenges and investing in cybersecurity are essential for mitigating risks and sustaining competitive advantage. The insights gained can inform entrepreneurs, investors, and policymakers in developing practices and policies that support innovation and growth in the technology sector.

Purpose: This research aimed to identify some of the existing financial frictions in the Iran's digital economy. In particular, based on cases taken from digital and knowledge-based companies, it empirically investigated the importance of the role of base volume in the liquidity of those companies' stocks in Tehran Stock Exchange.Method: To evaluate the empirical implications of applying the base volume in daily stock market practice, retrospectively a quantitative estimate of the base volume was implied by the economic model within the rules imposed by the market regulator via MATLAB software programming. Then, using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), the effects of the estimated base volume, percentage of free-floating share, securities turnover, and the ratio of transaction volume to base volume on Amihud index were econometrically studied for the selected companies during the period 2015-2020.Findings: The findings indicate that the applying base volume on the selected digital and knowledge-based companies has had a negative effect on the calculation of the final price and on the liquidity of studied knowledge-based companies. Also, the results of using the machine learning method (decision tree) showed a importance coefficient of 32.6% for the base volume on the Amihud index of the selected companies.Conclusion: Our results suggest that base volume as an idiosyncratic financial friction induced by Iranian stock market regulator has aggravated the illiquidity of studied digital and knowledge-based companies and thereby could have raised the financing costs for those companies. This would ultimately impede those companies’ growth prospect.

Purpose: The growth of Smartphone applications has led to the development and transformation of business sector. The present work aimed to assess factors influencing the intention to use shopping applications.Method: A structural model was formulated for analyzing and testing the existing factors among shopping application users. The statistical population of the research comprised of the users of shopping applications in a public university in Iran. This study employed a questionnaire survey, which consisted of two sections. The first section included general demographic details of the target respondents, while the second section comprised 30 items to measure the constructs of our conceptual model. All items of constructs were adopted from previous literature. A total of 288 questionnaires provided usable data.Findings: The results revealed that factors such as Convenience, Perceived Ease of Use, Trust, and Perceived usefulness affect the intention to use shopping applications, while factors such as Perceived Innovativeness, Perceived Risk, Perceived Enjoyment, and Social Influence were found to be non-influential.Conclusion: This research was conducted based on a comprehensive review of the research literature and identification of influential constructs with the approach of creating an integrated model of factors affecting the intention to use shopping applications. Based on the research results, focusing on ease of use and creating the experience of perceived usefulness along with the use of tools that lead to the improvement of trust is critical for practitioners.