درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

زمینه: دوران سالمندی یکی از دوره های مهم و حساس هر شخص می باشد، سبک زندگی و نشاط معنوی به عنوان مولفه هایی تاثیرگذار بر اختلال آلزایمر در این دوره سنی می تواند نقش آفرینی کند. مقایسه سبک زندگی و نشاط معنوی در مبتلایان به اختلال آلزایمر با افراد بدون اختلال آلزایمر از نوآوری های پژوهش حاضر بود. هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر مقایسه سبک زندگی و نشاط معنوی در سالمندان بالای 80 سال با و بدون اختلال آلزایمر بود. روش: پژوهش حاضر از نظرروش علی _ مقایسه ای و به لحاظ شیوه ی گردآوری داده ها پیمایشی بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه سالمندان (با اختلال آلزایمر و بدون اختلال آلزایمر) شهرستان قلعه گنج بود. که از بین آنها نمونه ای شامل 80 نفر سالمند در نظر گرفته شد. ابزارهای اندازه گیری پژوهش نیز پرسشنامه سنجش و اندازه گیری سبک زندگی اسحاقی و همکاران (1388)، پرسشنامه نشاط معنوی افروز (1395) که بین افراد توزیع گردید. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آزمون تحلیل واریانس تک متغیره با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 26 استفاده شد. یافته ها: بین گروه با اختلال آلزایمر و افراد بدون اختلال آلزایمر در متغیرهای وابسته ترکیبی سبک زندگی از نظر آماری تفاوت معنی داری بود (54/61 F=؛ 013/0 P=؛ 99/0=لامبدای ویلکز؛ و 02/0 =مجذور اتای تفکیکی). بین گروه با اختلال آلزایمر و افراد بدون اختلال آلزایمر در متغیرهای وابسته ترکیبی در متغیر نشاط معنوی از نظر آماری تفاوت معنی داری بود (72/41 F=؛ 019/0 P=؛ 99/0 =لامبدای ویلکز؛ و 03/0 =مجذور اتای تفکیکی). نتیجه گیری: مطابق یافته های پژوهش، سبک زندگی و مولفه های آن و نشاط معنوی تاثیر مثبتی بر پیشگیری از اختلال آلزایمر در سالمندان دارد و می-تواند باعث کاهش آلزایمر در سالمندی گردد. گسترش مهارت آموزی و اصلاح سبک زندگی و ارتقای نشاط معنوی بخصوص در سالهای جوانی و کودکی و ارتقای روزبه روز آنها در کشور می تواند برنامه مقابله ای خوبی جهت پیشگری از آلزایمر در جمعیت

Aim: The main objective of this study was to examine the differentiation, communication patterns, and conflict resolution strategies of regular couples and couples who are seeking divorce in Tehran. Method: This research utilized a descriptive correlational approach using structural equation modeling. The first group consisted of 39,282 individuals seeking divorce in Tehran who had sought assistance from family courts in 2019 and had cohabitated for a minimum of two years. The second group included regular couples in Tehran who had cohabitated for at least two years and had similar demographic characteristics as the first group. The data collection tools used in this study included the the Self-Differentiation Questionnaire (Skoron & Friedlander, 1998), the Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ) (Christensen & Salari, 1984), Conflict Resolution Styles Questionnaire (Rahim, 1983). The data was analyzed using the SPSS26 software with regression method and path analysis approach. Results: Based on the findings, there is a notable distinction in all aspects of differentiation between the two groups (P=0.01). Moreover, findings revealed significant variance in mutual constructive communication, male expectation/female withdrawal communication, female expectation/male withdrawal communication, and mutual avoidance communication between the two groups (P=0.01). The average scores for these components were higher among normal couples compared to divorce applicants, thus confirming the third hypothesis of the study regarding conflict resolution differences (P=0.01). Conclusion: The results revealed variations in differentiation between couples seeking divorce and regular couples. Additionally, conflict resolution styles and communication patterns also showed differences between couples seeking divorce and regular couples.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of an educational model of parenting based on the sahmgozari Approach. The model integrated the experiences of mothers with children diagnosed with symptoms ASD, along with a comprehensive program of integrated transformation. The study aimed to examine the impact of this model on the lifestyle based on sahmgozari approach of mothers and the developmental expectations of the children. Methodology: The statistical population consisted of all mothers residing in Isfahan, who had toddlers and infants with symptoms ASD and sought assistance from child counseling centers during the summer quarter of 2023. A purposive sampling method was employed, resulting in a sample size of three mothers in Isfahan City who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection involved the use of early screening questionnaires pertaining to autism characteristics, developmental expectations, and contributory lifestyle. Data analysis was conducted using visual analysis methods, stable change index, and recovery percentage. Findings: The findings indicated that the educational model of parenting based on the sahmgozari approach, which integrates the experiences of mothers with children with symptoms ASD and a comprehensive program of integrated transformation, effectively influenced the lifestyle based on sahmgozari approach of the mothers and the developmental expectations of the children. Conclusion: Therapists and parents can utilize the results of this research to mitigate the challenges associated with raising children with symptoms ASD.

Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of designing and validating a pessimism questionnaire in married people.Methods: The research method was based on the applied objective and the mixed research method (qualitative-quantitative). The socio-statistics of the research were all professors and experts of clinical psychology and family counselors of Ardabil province in 2022. Among the statistical population, 15 people (11 men and 4 women) were selected based on the principle of opinion saturation as a statistical sample of the qualitative part, and 250 people (136 men and 114 women) were selected as a sample of the quantitative part as a non-random sampling available (easy access) became Interviews and researcher-made questionnaires were used to collect information. Thematic analysis was used with MAXQDA 2018 software to code the interview texts. Additionally, Cronbach's alpha method, construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity), and partial least squares (PLS) were used to analyze the data from the researcher-made questionnaire using SPSS and SmartPLS software.Results: The results indicated that the reliability and validity of the structure (convergence and divergence) were confirmed at an excellent level, and then the confirmatory factor analysis models were confirmed both in the mode of standard coefficients and the mode of absolute significance (p<0/05). Based on the results of this research, it is suggested that due to the innovation of this questionnaire, this questionnaire should be administered to couples before marriage in counseling centers and psychotherapy under the supervision of experienced professors with university experience and couples with pessimism problems before starting life.Conclusion: The joint should be examined and treated during effective protocols to prevent the problems caused by pessimism, which sometimes leads to the disintegration of the joint life if it is aggravated.

Objective: The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based acceptance training package on the attitude of mothers of children with ASD. Methods: This quasi-experimental study used a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of mothers of children with ASD attending the Special Children’s Clinic at Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran. Using convenient sampling, 30 mothers were selected. These mothers were randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group, with 15 participants in each group. The experimental group received the 12-session, 120-minute mindfulness-based acceptance training package, while no intervention was applied to the control group. Both groups completed the Parent Attitude Toward Special Needs Children Scale (Gonder, 2002) before and after the intervention. Data analysis was conducted using the covariance matrix analysis method in SPSS version 27. Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental group, which received the mindfulness-based acceptance training package, and the control group in terms of overall attitude (p < 0.001). The effect of the intervention was also stable at the follow-up stage (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that a mindfulness-based acceptance training package can foster a positive attitude in mothers of children with ASD. Therefore, this training package can be utilized to promote a positive attitude among mothers of children with ASD.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological abnormalities and emotional interactions with emotional divorce, with the mediating role of religious beliefs in couples experiencing marital conflicts. Methods: The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study included all couples visiting counseling centers in the city of Neka (Neda-e-Zendegi Counseling Center, Phoenix Counseling Center, Amin Counseling Center, Imam Ali Social Work Counseling Center, and Mental Health Counseling Center) during the first six months of 2022, totaling 686 individuals (343 couples). Using the Krejcie and Morgan table, the sample size was calculated to be 246 individuals, and through a convenience sampling method, those who were interested in participating in the study were selected as the sample. They responded to questionnaires on psychological abnormalities by Najarian and Davoodi (2001), emotional interactions of couples by Brok and Bretman (1995), emotional divorce by Gottman (1995), and religious beliefs by Najafi (2006). Data analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation test, and structural equation modeling with SPSS and AMOS software. Findings: The findings showed that psychological abnormalities had a positive effect on emotional divorce and a negative effect on religious beliefs. Additionally, emotional interactions had a negative effect on emotional divorce and a positive effect on religious beliefs. Furthermore, religious beliefs had a negative effect on emotional divorce in couples. On the other hand, the results indicated that religious beliefs played a mediating role in the relationship between psychological abnormalities, emotional interactions, and emotional divorce in couples. Conclusion: This study highlights the indirect effect of psychological disorders and emotional interactions on emotional divorce, with religious beliefs playing a mediating role among couples experiencing marital conflicts. The findings suggest that strengthening religious beliefs may help reduce emotional divorce, emphasizing the need for interventions that promote emotional well-being and healthy marital dynamics.

Objective: The present study aimed to explain the structural model of marital satisfaction based on spirituality with the mediating role of happiness in married women. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational of the structural equation modeling (SEM) type. The statistical population included all married women employed in schools in Tehran. The total number was 41,656 in the 2022–2023 academic year. The sample size was calculated based on the PLS method proposed by Barclay et al. (1995), which required a minimum of 70 participants. However, due to the potential risk of participant attrition, a larger sample of approximately 120 individuals was examined. The sampling method used in this study was convenience sampling. The measurement instruments included the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1989), the Parsian and Dunning Spirituality Questionnaire (2009), and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (1989). The assumptions were analyzed using SPSS 26 and SMART-PLS statistical software. Findings: The results of this study indicated that the structural model of marital satisfaction based on spirituality, with happiness as a mediator, demonstrated a good and acceptable fit, with a significance level of 0.05. Therefore, it is predicted that the structural model of marital satisfaction based on spirituality with the mediating role of happiness applies to married women. Consequently, spirituality, mediated by happiness, enhances marital satisfaction. Conclusion: Thus, by increasing the level of spirituality among couples, with happiness as a mediator, a higher level of marital satisfaction can be anticipated.

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of organizational envy in the relationship between quality of work life, job burnout, and organizational productivity among employees at Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. A descriptive-correlational design was employed using structural equation modeling (SEM). A total of 165 employees were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using validated questionnaires: the Organizational Envy Questionnaire (Valizadeh & Azarbayejani, 2009), the Job Burnout Questionnaire (Reis & Xanthopoulou, 2015), the Quality of Work Life Questionnaire (Lopez et al., 2007), and the Organizational Productivity Questionnaire (Hersey & Goldsmith, 2002). Data were analyzed using Smart PLS–4 software, incorporating Pearson correlation, reliability and validity tests (Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability, AVE, HTMT), and bootstrapping for mediation analysis. Organizational envy showed significant negative correlations with organizational productivity ( r = -0.43, p < 0.01) and quality of work life ( r = -0.18, p < 0.05), but was not significantly related to job burnout. Quality of work life significantly predicted reduced burnout ( β = -0.417, p < 0.001), lower envy ( β = -0.252, p < 0.05), and increased productivity (β = 0.299, p = 0.001). Organizational envy significantly reduced productivity ( β = -0.384, p < 0.001), yet it did not mediate the relationship between quality of work life and either burnout or productivity. Based on the findings, enhancing the quality of work life directly contributed to reducing job burnout and increasing organizational productivity, underscoring its strategic importance in human resource development.

The present study aimed to predict job burnout in employed men and women based on work-family conflict mediated by perceived social support and psychological capital. This study is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive in terms of its method and is of the correlation type. The statistical population of this study consists of all men and women employed in governmental and non-governmental offices and organizations in Tehran in the spring of 2024, of which 237 people were selected through available sampling. The research tools included the Job Burnout Questionnaire by Maslach et al. (2001), Multidimensional Measure of Work–Family Conflict by Carlson et al. (2000), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support by Zimet et al. (1990), and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire by Luthans et al. (2007). The structural model fit was examined using structural equation modeling and SPSS and AMOS software. The results showed that burnout in employed women and men is predicted based on work-family conflict (P=0.001, β=0.500). Burnout in employed women and men is predicted based on work-family conflict with the mediation of perceived social support (P=0.001, Z=5.33). Burnout in employed women and men is predicted based on work-family conflict with the mediation of psychological capital (P=0.001, Z=5.07).

Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on psychological acceptance and symptom reduction in individuals experiencing emotional breakdown. Methods:  The population of this study included all individuals aged between 18 and 38 residing in Tehran during the years 2022-2023 who had experienced emotional breakdown in their relationship between six months to 24 months prior. A single-subject experimental design of a single baseline type was employed. Five participants were selected through convenience sampling from eligible individuals responding to advertisements. Participants were assessed at three baseline stages,  during the third, fifth, and eighth therapy sessions, and at a one-month follow-up using the Ras Emotional Breakup Scale and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – Second Version (AAQ-II). Data was analyzed using graphical analysis, percentage of improvement, and effect size. Results: The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has a significant effect on individuals with emotional breakdown (PND=100% for three participants and PND=66% for two participants). However, the therapy was not significantly effective on the acceptance variable. Conclusion: The results indicate that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is a promising and effective method for helping individuals suffering from emotional breakdown. This therapy is recommended for reducing the adverse effects of emotional breakdown.

Aim: The aim of the present research is to predict college students' achievement motivation based on their level of self-awareness, with the mediating role of solution-building mindset. Method: The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study included all students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2025, from which 231 individuals were selected as the sample size using cluster sampling. The tools used in this research included the Achievement Motivation Questionnaire (Hermans, 1970), the Self-Awareness Questionnaire (Cooper, 1997), and the Solution-Building Inventory (SBI) (Jordan et al., 2010). The data analyzed by SPSS 27 and AMOS 24 using Pearson correlation and path analysis. Findings: The results of AMOS path analysis indicated a direct and significant relationship between self-awareness and student’s achievement motivation (β=0.17, P=0.001). Furthermore, a solution-building mindset had a direct relationship with self-awareness (β=0.57, P=0.001) and achievement motivation (β=0.39, P=0.001). The results also indicated mediating role of a solution-building mindset in relationship between self-awareness and achievement motivation (β=0.17, P=0.001). Finally, findings demonstrated that a solution-building mindset plays a mediating role in the relationship between self-awareness and achievement motivation. Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, it should be stated that with and without the mediating role of solution-building mindset, college student’s motivation for achievement can be predicted by self-awareness. It seems that solution-building mindset is recognized as an influential variable on achievement motivation and self-awareness in college students. Therefore, there is a necessity to examine the relationship between other important psychological variables in different communities and solution-building mindset.