درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological diseases. The disease is clinically defined by the involvement of different parts of the central nervous system (CNS) at various times. Its peak incidence is between the ages of 20 and 40. The experience of pain plays an important role in the mental health and quality of life of MS patients. Research also shows that if MS patients have high levels of self-compassion, they can more easily manage negative situations. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training programs on the perception of pain experience and self-compassion in MS patients. Method: >The current research is an experiment with available sampling methods. The sample includes 40 MS patients, 20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. Mindfulness training programs (Kabat—Zinn), the McGill Pain Experience Scale (MPQ), and the NF Self-Compassion Questionnaire (SCS-LF) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed through the statistical test of multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: >The results showed that the average difference between the groups regarding pain experience (F=49.270) and self-compassion (F=51.249) is significant. Therefore, it can be said that increasing self-compassion leads to higher efficiency in facing stressful situations. Conclusion >: Enhancing cognitive processes, particularly self-compassion, through mindfulness training can significantly influence individuals’ perception of pain. It is recommended that families receive appropriate training to develop strategies aimed at strengthening mindfulness skills in individuals.  

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of personality traits in prediction of perceived rejection, age feeling, and social exclusion among retirees in Zahedan city. The statistical population of this study includes all retirees in Zahedan city in 2021 – 2022, of which 123 people were selected as samples through the convenience sampling method. To collect data for this study, questionnaires on personality traits, cognitive health, perception of rejection, feeling of aging, and social isolation were used. Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple regression, and simple linear regression were used to analyze the research data. The results showed that the perception of rejection had a positive and significant correlation with neuroticism (p<.05) and a negative and significant correlation with extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness (p<.01). However, there was no significant correlation between perceived exclusion and openness to experience. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that personality traits play a significant role in predicting perceived exclusion, feeling of aging, and social isolation in retirees.

Objective: Some factors, such as personality type, coping styles, and psychological capital, have an effect on the resilience of women with breast cancer. The purpose of the study is to investigate the structural relationship of these factors with each other. Method : The subjects of this study were 231 women (20-55 years old) diagnosed with breast cancer and treated at the breast cancer department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran in 2022-2023. The Tebachnik and Fidel's formula (2007) was used to estimate the sample size. Psychological resilience (Connor & Davidson, 2003), NEO-PI personality questionnaire (Costa & McCrae, 1992), and coping strategies questionnaire (Endler & Parker, 1990) were used to measure the research variables. Results Therefore, five personality factors can lead to an increase in resilience through coping strategies and psychological capital. In addition, the path coefficients of the two-way relationship of the variables showed that 44% of the changes in resilience were influenced by personality, 97% of the changes in coping strategies were influenced by personality, 91% of the changes in psychological capital were influenced by personality and 20% of the changes in resilience were influenced by personality. The effect of coping strategies and 36% of the changes in resilience showed the effect of psychological capital.   Conclusion : One of the determining factors of resilience in a chronic disease such as breast cancer is the role of personality traits, which is influenced by positive psychological variables such as coping strategies and psychological capital of the patient  

 Objective: Being overweight and obese in adolescence is associated with severe health effects during their lifetime The purpose of this study was to explain the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between family cohesion, stress, and quality of life with body mass index in adolescent girls Method: The current research was descriptive-multiple linear regression From among the statistical population of the research, 250 teenage girls were selected as the research sample using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, and finally, after dropping 50 people from the sample group, the data of 200 of them were analyzed. The tools of data collection included the Samani Family Cohesion Questionnaires (2001), Byrne and Mazano Stress (2002) Scale, the World Health Organization Quality of Life (1996) questionnaire, and the NAF Self-compassion (2003) inventory. For data analysis, structural equation modeling was performed using SPSS26 and AMOS24 software. Results: The results showed that the model of body mass index based on the quality of life, family cohesion, and stress with the mediating role of self-compassion has a good fit. It also indicated that family cohesion, stress, and quality of life did not predict body mass index in adolescent girls, But quality of life predicts body mass index in adolescent girls. Conclusion: It seems that self-compassion plays a mediating role in the relationship of body mass index with family cohesion, stress, and quality of life in adolescent girls. 

The purpose of the research is to analyze the effects of ethical leadership and organizational politics on individual and team creativity, focusing on the mediating role of knowledge hiding. The study is a descriptive-correlational survey and is applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population included employees of selected public organizations in the Eqlid County, totaling 950 individuals. 270 individuals were selected using a non-probability convenience sampling method based on the rule of thumb for SEM as the sample. To collect data, the following measures were used: Brown's et al. (2005) Ethical Leadership scale, the Organizational Politics scale by Kacmar and Carlson (1997), the Knowledge Hiding scale by Serenko and Bontis (2016), the Individual Creativity scale by Zhou and George (2001), and the Hanke's (2006) Team Creativity scale. The validity of scales was confirmed using the content validity, and the reliability was examined using Cronbach's alpha, yielding values of 0.89 for the Ethical Leadership, 0.82 for the Organizational Politics, 0.92 for the Knowledge Hiding, 0.87 for the Individual Creativity, and 0.85 for the Team Creativity. For data analysis, SEM and the AMOS software were used. The results of the study fitted the research model, indicating that ethical leadership and organizational politics have a significant negative impact on knowledge hiding. Additionally, knowledge hiding has a significant negative effect on both individual and team creativity of employees. By reducing knowledge hiding behaviors through ethical leadership and organizational politics, the level of creativity among employees at both individual and team levels increases.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of neurofeedback in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in high school deaf girls. Method: A total of 24 deaf female students were randomly assigned to experimental (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. The experimental group received 15 neurofeedback training sessions targeting the F3 and F4 regions. Both groups completed the DASS-21 questionnaire before and after the intervention.. Results: Multivariate analysis of covariance indicated significant reductions in depression (F = 15.680, p<.05), anxiety (F = 5.991, p<.05), and stress (F = 6.100, p<.05) scores in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Neurofeedback appears to be an effective intervention for improving mental health among deaf adolescents.

Objective : Despite significant antiemetic advances, almost 50 % of treated cancer patients still experience nausea and vomiting. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of avoidant coping in the relationships between psychological well-being and chemotherapy-induced delayed nausea in women with breast cancer in Shiraz. Method : The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study consists of women with breast cancer in Shiraz with an average age of 51 to 56 years. In this research, a non-random and voluntary sampling method was used; thus, 211 female patients with breast cancer treated by chemotherapy voluntarily completed the relevant questionnaires, which included psychological well-being questionnaire (Ryff, 1989), chemotherapy-induced delayed nausea questionnaire (Rhodes & McDaniel, 1999), and coping style questionnaire (Endler & Parker, 1990). The data were analyzed by AMOS software. Results : Research findings showed a negative and significant relationship between psychological well-being and avoidant coping style, and a positive and significant relationship between avoidant coping style and delayed nausea. The Sobel test confirmed the mediating role of avoidant coping style in the relationship between psychological well-being and delayed nausea. Therefore, it can be concluded that there was a relationship between psychological well-being and delayed nausea, with the mediation of avoidant coping style. Also, psychological well-being had an indirect effect on delayed nausea. Conclusion : Chemotherapy-induced delayed nausea can be reduced by improving coping skills and strategies and the psychological well-being of women with breast cancer.