درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

In land use and transportation planning, mixed land uses usually are those various and consistent land uses which have been within a single structure or close to each other. Mixed land uses in different societies are used for different purposes. In some of these societies, mixed land uses are appropriate strategies in mixing the housing types in a small scale in order to enhance the identity of old cities. In other societies they are used as a mean to revive the worn out areas and speed up economic developments. Even some societies use them to create the suburbs' centers. In this regard, the aim of this study is to evaluate the mixed land uses in Tehran's Bryanak neighborhood. For this purpose, the most important criteria and sub-criteria are compiled to determine the situation of the mixing land uses in this neighborhood, and by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and questionnaire an appropriate and measurable framework is provided to measure and present strategies for the preservation and promotion of mixed land uses. The results indicate that the final score of this neighborhood was calculated as 3.08 that is very close to the "average" and indicates that the situation of mixed land uses in Bryanak neighborhood is average and some actions should be taken to improve conditions for the development of mixed land uses in this neighborhood.

Unsustainable growth of cities and creation a set of contiguous impervious surfaces have result on disorder of natural cycle of water in urban environments. This situation causes flooding and problems due it, pollution of groundwater resources and degrade the quality of the urban landscape by increase the speed, volume and frequency period of runoffs. conventional methods about the stormwater management have failed to demonstrate their effectiveness in this field. Thus, in recent years a new topic are created in the field of urban design that known as "water sensitive urban design". Water Sensitive Urban Design (short: WSUD) is the interdisciplinary cooperation of water management, infrastructer engineering, urban design, and landscape designing. WSUD develops integrative strategies for ecological, economical, social, and cultural sustainability. The purpose of Water Sensitive Urban Design is to combine the demands of sustainable stormwater management with the demands of urban designing, and thus bringing the urban water cycle closer to a natural one. This approach attempts to increase urban sustainability indicators, improve the quality of urban landscape and urban space amenities by offer operational mechanisms in relation to urban design and it attempts not only to close the urban water cycle in its natural cycle and achieve technical goals, but gain optimal utilization of runoff and change the vision of the issue from a threat to a valuable opportunity.The following is a description of some essential methods for sustainable stormwater management. These methods are grouped according to their primary function: water reuse, treatment, detention and infiltration, conveyance, and evapotranspiration. Here is the techniques of water sensitive urban design about stormwater management and link them to urban design concepts, till through that some methods to be introduced that they are more efficient than conventional stormwater management methods about performance, helping to complete the natural cycle of water, environmental sustainability of cities and urban design aspects.

Recent increased Islamic awakening in many Muslim societies, have given a momentum to rise of contextual necessity for Islamic culture. As religion and way of life, Islam framed in city. City morphology according to Islamic ideology has brought interest to the discussion among the specialists and professionals involved in Muslim world for many decades, particularly in Iran. This goal can be achieved by experts and intellectuals and her particularity should be defined and illustrated. The present paper will attempt to synopsize and express some visions for contemporary and future urban form and architecture for Muslim cultures and societies principally for Iran. This research will try to pursue the main frameworks for the study of cultural fabrics reflecting on urban configuration, and also will delineate the qualities of spatial aspects, and make some recommendations at the end. This effort is a tentative rebirth which, it is hoped, will stimulate further discussion and research on the merits of the Islamicity.

 Todays, cities have become one of the mos t complicated sys tems, which may become fragile when not managed appropriately. In order to prevent fragility, cities should respond more quickly and effectively to complicated threats, which requires an accurate unders tanding of the concept of fragility. In this regard, a sys tematic review was conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Sys tematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to unders tand the concept of urban fragility by electronic search using keywords combined with Boolean OR and AND operators in Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus. Based on the reviewed articles, the dimensions of urban fragility, including the economic, social, governmental, environmental, international relations, and economic, social, and political conditions of individuals, were identified for each component and indicator. Given the definition of fragility and its dimensions, the present s tudy can provide an opportunity for identifying the causes of fragility in cities and providing some solutions.