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Architecture
This article contains the views of different scholars and their researches about Allah Verdi Khan Bridge. In this brief study two important points have been highlighted. First, who is the probable constructor of the bridge and what the references tell about it. Secondly, the explanation about the grave mistakes of the foundation and completion dates of the bridge and thus argument about the exact date. In addition to these two points various architectural characteristics have also been highlighted.
The Importance of Architectural Factors on Increasing Social Interactions of Children with Autism in Educational Centers(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare social interaction and communication in autistic children with the approach of architectural spaces and ordinary centers. Methodology: The data were causal-comparative. The statistical population was all children with autism in centers with architectural spaces approach and children with autism in normal centers of Tehran. The statistical sample consisted of 3 centers with architectural approach and 3 normal centers selected by available sampling method. Data collection was done based on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (GARS) and Edited Autism Checklist in Toddlers (M-CHAT) Robins, Feln & Barton (1999). Data analysis was performed by SPSS software in descriptive and inferential statistics at the significant level of 0.05 using independent t-test. Findings: According to the data analysis, the significance level in both variables of the study is greater than 0.05, which means that the scores of social interaction variables and the relationship of both groups follow the normal distribution. Independent t-test was then used to compare the mean social interaction of children with autism with the centers of architecture spaces and ordinary centers and showed that the obtained t was significant at the level of 0.01. Therefore, the null hypothesis can be rejected at the level of 0.01 in favor of the research hypothesis and with 99% confidence that there is a significant difference in social interaction between the two groups. Comparison of means indicates that social interaction of children with autism in architectural centers is higher than that of children with autism in normal centers. Conclusion: Social interaction and communication rate in children with autism in centers with architecture approach were more than children with autism in normal centers. As the number of these children is increasing, especially in Iran, it seems necessary to design centers and spaces appropriate to the needs of these children.
The Architecture Aspect of Arise from Emmanuel Levinas' Philosophy Compared to Modern and Postmodern Architecture(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
Architecture and Urban Development, Volume ۱۰, Issue ۱ - Serial Number ۳۵, Winter ۲۰۲۰
51 - 58
حوزه های تخصصی:
The present-day architecture of the present era represents the emergence of ethical issues arising from the ideas of the " Modern individual-oriented" and "Pos tmodern being oriented", such as the consideration of personal interes ts and the reduction of human relations. Therefore, the exis tence of such shortcomings requires the identification of an architecture that considers the individual and social morality of today's society based on transcendental values, such as Emmanuel Levinas' "attention to the other" philosophy, agains t the above ideas. The aim is to identify those architectural possibilities that, by providing the conditions for creating the moral relations considered in Levinas philosophy, resis t some of the shortcomings of the ethical issues of modern and pos tmodern schools. In this research, Levinas' thoughts with Modern and Pos tmodern schools are discursive analysis through three dimensions of humanism, human rights, and ethics, as three points of reliance and position in them. Then, in the framework of these three criteria, modern and pos tmodern thoughts are traced in between the architectural expressions and by comparing these traces of the concepts with key concepts in Levinas' thought, also by utilizing the sources of visual literacy and body theoretical foundations, identifies the architectural appearance of it. The result of the research shows that the architectural displays of Levinas' philosophy such as "impromptu", "centricity", "Attention to Family Scale" and "Kush" can be considered as possibilities other than the possibilities of modern and pos tmodern architecture, to improve some of the shortcomings in highlighting transcendental moral values.
The Role of Daylight within the Vault of Shahrak-e-Gharb Jame Mosque in Tehran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
Architecture and Urban Development, Volume ۱۰, Issue ۳ - Serial Number ۳۷, Summer ۲۰۲۰
41 - 46
حوزه های تخصصی:
Light plays an important role in the valuation of architectural elements, and it is a factor in designing spaces. Elements have no visual identity without light. This paper is intended to analyze the lighting in the vault of Shahrak-e-Gharb Jame Mosque with an emphasis on the role of daylight in order to find out how the designer has viewed the use of daylight in designing this mosque. The main ques tion of this research is, “what is the role of natural daylight within the vault of Shahrak-e-Gharb Jame Mosque?”. For this purpose, the light intensity was measured in the Shabes tan and the vault of the mosque as an architectural monument using photometric ins truments. Then, the trajectory of natural light was simulated using DIALux during a whole year, and the results were analyzed indicating that the role of natural light as an identity element in exhibiting the luminance of the mihrab has been neglected, and the light intensity seems uniform and boring within the vault.
An Architectural Tale of the Two Cities(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
A comparative study of the corresponding styles of Western and Iranian modern architecture has hardly ever been carried out in detail. This paper aims to sketch out an outline for such an investigation and to present a summary of empirical evidence accompanied by field observations to elaborate the ongoing trend of relationship between architectural styles in Iran and that of the West. This is particularly the case from the last decades of the 19th century onwards in which a number of styles of architecture, commonly referred to as the imported/modern urban architecture, have had significant impact on our national architecture. This paper will compare a number of cases in European cities and Tehran and exامینes their merits and interactions. It will be argued that despite the current professional contempt and the official disregard of these predominantly strong examples of modern architecture in Iran, they represent a valuable legacy of practice for architectural students, as well representing an important era in our urban history.
The Environmental and Social Manifestation of Islamic-Iranian Urban and Architectural Configuration(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
Recent increased Islamic awakening in many Muslim societies, have given a momentum to rise of contextual necessity for Islamic culture. As religion and way of life, Islam framed in city. City morphology according to Islamic ideology has brought interest to the discussion among the specialists and professionals involved in Muslim world for many decades, particularly in Iran. This goal can be achieved by experts and intellectuals and her particularity should be defined and illustrated. The present paper will attempt to synopsize and express some visions for contemporary and future urban form and architecture for Muslim cultures and societies principally for Iran. This research will try to pursue the main frameworks for the study of cultural fabrics reflecting on urban configuration, and also will delineate the qualities of spatial aspects, and make some recommendations at the end. This effort is a tentative rebirth which, it is hoped, will stimulate further discussion and research on the merits of the Islamicity.
Sema and Its Related Spaces Effects on Framework, Architectural and Urban Spaces of Chalapioghlu Khangah (Zanjan,Iran)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
In study of sema and its related architectural spaces in chalabioghlu khanghah, the main goal is to understand the most important principles of spaces formation in the complex. To achieve this goal, at the very first place it’s necessary to study Sema tradition itself in the second step, architecture of the complex should be taken to consideration, both as a whole and in details. Acquiring all these information, it would be possible perspective of how the space was shaped and know the prominent factors in this relationship. Also their functions and relations would be completely clarified, in order to have a proper answer for how Sema had effected the symbolic conformation of the complex. The results will classify the compartments and features which form Khanghah complexes in accordance with different levels of Islamic art, as well as the way function had modified the process of building formation.
Role of Social Trends in Appearance of Iranian National Architectural Movements(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
Appearance of nationalism in each country is influenced by some social , religious and political factors throughout the history of that country In Iranian contemporary history, this process has also been dependent upon opinions and thoughts of some of the nationalist intellectuals and modernists their intellectual products played an important role in various social , intellectual and even artistic areas of the country .thus this paper firstly seeks to introduce nationalistic social trends in Iran and classify nationalist architectural tendencies in flounced by nationalist social trends besides explication of nationalist principles of each tendency and in the following , along with explanation of nationalist tendencies in architecture , some architectural works are introduced as examples.
Typology of Earth-shelter Architecture in Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
Earth-Shelter construction is one of the aspects in architecture where the thermal mass of the earth behind the outer walls are applied in order to reduce heat loss and keep the internal temperature at human comfort range. In case of earth-shelter buildings, housing is especially important. As for its applicability the earth-shelter provides good housing. Typological studies of earth-shelter construction in Iran by introduces various Iranian examples of this type, could be a model for the today’s innovative designs with an approach to energy saving. This type of construction responded to human comfort requirements when modernism was absent to claim that it could do the same through mechanical technology. The study method adopted here consists of qualitative-descriptive and deductive analyses. The categories of earth-shelter architecture are three worldwide: Earth Mound, Rocky or In-Hill and Bellow ground. Here the genotype of earth architecture and phenotype of earth-shelter are studied in details. The same is of two in Iran: Rocky, which is divided in continues and discontinues types and closed underground type. Studies conducted in Iran have revealed a new type of these structures named Combined Continues Rocky open Underground by the author.
Definition of Architecture (Rethinking the Vitruvian Triad)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
This paper seeks to investigate a new definition for architecture by unifying the three Vitruvian principles of firmitas, utilities, and venustas via a phenomenological approach in the interpretation and analysis of their role in defining architecture. The paper is composed in two main sections. The first section investigates the nature of architecture based on the mentioned principles, where architecture is interpreted and analyzed in terms of its “thingly,” “equipmental,” and “artistic” characters. While it seems that architecture could be in view of its “thingness” alone, or “equip mentality”, or “artless”, but each perspective reveals only a dimension of the nature of architecture. Therefore, the second section of this paper focuses on unifying the Vitruvian Triad, attempting to define architecture from the single stance of “architecturality” the sphere from which architecture is seen as a way of disclosing the truth in the desired life of humans in an architectural work. In this definition, there is the simultaneous presence of thingness, equip mentality, and artless of architecture, thus establishing an integral unity between the principles of the Vitruvian Triad. Thus, the three Vitruvian principles come to unify in architecture which is defined as “the manifestation of truth of human desired life in the work of architecture.” This definition also allows us to assume three fundamental principles for architecture, “truth of human desired life”, “work of architecture” and “manifestation of truth”. These three principles are themselves, in fact, reflections of the three Vitruvian principles.
Architectural Objectives in Tropical Climates (Comparing Climatic Patterns in Vernacular Houses of Bandar-e-Lenge and Dezful)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
Effects of neglecting climatic patterns in buildings are more intense in severe climates such as tropical. It is resulting an excessive consumption of fossil fuels and consequently environmental pollutions in and after modern era. The objective of this research is to find climate-oriented intentions and solutions in tropical areas and compare them with Dezful and Bandar-e-Lenge vernacular houses to exامینe how differences in mesoclimates may affect the climatic pattern of buildings. The present study will initially classify the experts’ viewpoints on the architectural patterns in tropical climates and prevailing targets, solutions, and will present features of the architecture in such regions. The solutions are tested on vernacular buildings of Bandar-e-Lenge and Dezful. The findings demonstrate that in the above areas, climatic solutions have been used to moderate high temperature and humidity. The local houses in Bandar-e-Lenge are in accordance with both climatic objectives but the houses in Dezful pertain solutions for only high temperature. Results also confirm that the difference can be observed because of the different sub climatic groups they are placed in.
Recognition of Cognition Issue in Islamic Architecture Creation(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
Recognizing the link between “Cognition" and "Architectural Creation” indicates that there is a relation between subject and object. Correct understanding of this relationship helps artistic creativity, especially in the architecture, to take steps towards proving truth that have caused works to be continued over the past times. Knowledge and cognitions in architecture are categories that today theory of which have been neglected to be explained. Failure to comply with epistemology1, i.e. incorrect epistemology, has resulted to subjective ideas which are emerged in the framework of ideologies expressed in architecture, as a form inconsistent with national and Islamic identity. So that once more, the ideas resulting from perception of the created works, with replacement of concepts and ideas instead of principles and truth of work, tend to reject previous cognition and suggest new cognition-based theories which not only will not lead to integration in works creation but it will be one step away from reality. This process continues until now, due to lack of understanding about the origins of the crisis, the trend is adopted as an individualistic process and art knowledge is juxtaposed with artistic taste. This study is an attempt to review and recognize the role of knowledge in the past process of Islamic architecture in Iran with an analytical- interpretation approach in order to show the role of knowledge in the circle of creation and understanding of architecture as causes of inefficient contemporary theories put forward in this area, by exploring a philosophy of cognition.
The developments Trend of Islamic Inscriptions in the Building Portals of Dezfoul City(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
In the architecture of Iranian traditional houses, the ornamentations available in the inscriptions of houses entrance portal express the identity of architects and personality of houses owners and are rooted in their religious and national beliefs and faiths. The main hypothesis of this research is changing the physique and application of religious contents in compliance with the thoughts and beliefs of people in Dezfoul historical city in the epigraphs of houses entrance portals. The objective of this study is reviewing the development trend of texts, concepts and physique of inscriptions as well as analyzing the factors effective on the quality and diversity of application of inscriptions. The present research is an applied study and descriptive-analytical method has been applied, and the data was collected by library and survey studies. The population of this research includes historical houses, houses damages in war (Iran & Iraq) and renovated and new tissue and new-built houses of Dezfoul, from Qajar era so far. Random sampling method has been applied in this study and dispersal area includes the city. Data analysis method in this study is qualitative and quantitative. The results of this study indicate that today the inscriptions available in the entrance portal of houses in Dezfoul comparing to inscriptions in Qajar1 and Pahlavi2 era is very simple and has lower aesthetic value. One of causes for such superficial and contextual gap between inscriptions seems to be the war and renovations during and after destruction.
Investigating the Effective Physical Factorson Promoting Social Interactions in CulturalComplexes(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
The success of urban spaces is proportional to the extent in which that space is being used and to human presence. In fact, architecture and urban planning should attempt to enhance social interactions and human soلیداrity rather than differentiation and separation. However, today what is witnessed in most of urban spaces is reduction of relationships and social participation of those residing in these spaces. On the other side, in recent decades, with the increasing progress of technology most of traditional patterns have been changed, and these changes have altered culture and life appearance in Iranian community. What is observed in today’s societies is the reduction in level of people’s social interactions. Regarding the role and function of cultural complexes as a space for improving social interactions, the physical structure of cultural environments should play a significant role in boosting people’s social interactions. The purpose of this research is to identify social interactions and effective physical components affecting promotion of social interactions among people in cultural complexes which provide an opportunity for individuals to take a relief from daily tensions, to gather together and interact. The methodology used in this research is descriptive and analytical, exploiting library studies in order to achieve the desired results. Finally, after studying various theories and effective physical components in promotion of social interaction in public urban spaces such as cultural complexes, appropriate architectural strategies have been provided. The results of this research indicate that six components of stagnation, aggregation, integrity, vitality, spatial determination and flexibility are among most important physical factors affecting the promotion of social interaction in cultural complexes.
Investigation of the Effect of Urban Public Spaces on Human Behavior (Case study: Vali Asr s.t in Tehran)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
This Study has discussed the meaning of public space and has shown that public spaces are an essential part of people’s lives. It has also identified the key urban design and architectural ideologies that have influenced the shape of the built environment, and has discussed how each has perceived the value of public spaces. In the following provides an overview of the relationship between people’s behavior and experience of public spaces, from an environmental psychology perspective. Methodologies adopted for the study. A combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods of collecting data has been used. The purpose of this study is to explore how public spaces influence human behavior in order to gain an appreciation of the significant role that public spaces play in the daily lives of people. This Study has established that human behavior and experience of public spaces can be influenced by the physical and ambient features of the built environment. It has been identified that physical features may include buildings, streets, landscaping, land forms and architectural elements, and ambient features may include sound, smell, temperature and illumination. It has also been identified that other factors such as age, gender, culture and ethnicity are also capable of affecting the way people respond to the environment. In addition to identifying the perspectives of the users of public spaces through the focus group, the study also identified the role and perspectives of urban planners and consultant designers. These built environment professionals have a significant role in shaping public spaces.
A Comparative Study of Two Tourist Attractions from an Architectural Perspective (Case Study: The Shrine of Seyyed Mozaffar and Hindu Temple in Hormozgan Province, Iran)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
Hormozgan located in the south of Iran with an anchorage background after the Volga River in the north of the country was an important gateway for Asian and European overseas merchants as well as importing goods into Iran. Bandar Abbas is the center of Hormozgan Province and one of metropolises of Iran which is also considered the economic pole of Iran. This city is also considered as a tourist destination in Iran because of its tourist attractions. In this research, a comparative study has been made between the Shrine of Seyyed Mozaffar and the Hindu Temple in Bandar Abbas with a new perspective. This research seeks to answer the question of what are the similarities and differences between these two monuments and what has highlighted these similarities and differences. Therefore, these two monuments are studied and compared in terms of indicators such as architecture, building materials and building plan.
The Holy Shrine of Imamzadeh Qasim and Zayd in Azna, Lorestan, Iran
حوزه های تخصصی:
Iranian architecture, like its other cultural and civilizational aspects, is an issue that has always been discussed with the confusion of matter and form, and among these, tombs and holy shrines have a sublime place in Iranian-Islamic art and architectural decorations in Different periods of Islamic history have been a large part of the art of Islamic lands, especially Iran. In this regard, in order to identify the architectural elements and decorations of the building of Imamzadeh Qasem and Zeyd in Azna in different historical periods, the answer to the research questions is: 1. What is the history of the historical building of Imamzadeh Qasem and Zeyd in Azna? 2. What are the decorative additions and elements of this building in different periods? In this article, while paying attention to the visual values of Imamzadeh Qasem and Zeyd in Azna during different periods, in a descriptive-comparative method and with reference to library resources and based on field research and in part laboratory studies, the most significant components and decorative elements of Imamzadeh Qasem and Zeyd in Azna was introduced and examined. The result of research indicates that the elements and components of architecture and decoration in the building of Imamzadeh Qasem and Zeyd Azna as a living and expressive document of the periods; Ilkhanid, Timurid, Safavid and Qajar. In this research, an attempt has been made to explain the components and decorative elements of this building, which will be briefly discussed in this research.
Explaining the Concepts of Organizing Desirable Housing in the Corporate Town (Case S tudy: New site and AB & Bargh Residential Complexes)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
Architecture and Urban Development, Volume ۱۲, Issue ۴ - Serial Number ۴۶, Autumn ۲۰۲۲
67 - 84
حوزه های تخصصی:
Need to solve the housing problem, the formation of experimental projects and the design and construction of new organized concepts have been done. One of the areas that, due to the development of industries, contains various examples of corporate housing is the city of Ahvaz. The present study intends to explain these concepts by recognizing the components of optimal housing containing internal and external characteristics in these complexes. The research method in terms of applied-developmental goal and mixed technique includes; Descriptive methods and content analysis in the theoretical and correlational sections are comparative, and field in the case studies section. The type of simultaneous variable design combines quantitative and qualitative approaches with a theoretical framework. Finally, based on the conceptual model, In the first step to finding descriptive statistics, questionnaires with answers from the Likert spectrum according to the sample size are provided to the residents of 105 units on the news site and 66 units in the water and electricity dormitory for analysis by SPSS software In the next step, interviews based on research questions from a community of 10 experts who were selected by snowball method are compiled and inferential statistics are extracted by analyzing them. After introducing the results of two areas, quantitative and qualitative, and to achieve the desired housing components, a link between human factors, physical-social factors, and decision-making factors should be established. Strategies should be presented in the short, medium, and long term.
The impact of urban green spaces create a sense of security and promoting mental health in the community(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
مدیریت شهری دوره ۱۴ بهار ۱۳۹۵ ضمیمه لاتین شماره ۴۲
۱۸۴-۱۷۵
حوزه های تخصصی:
Plants as the life giving entities have important role in mental and physical health of human. In the modern time with expansion of the cities and increase of industrial centers and living style change and decrease of social negligence about green spaces as the factor for mental diseases, altogether have been propounded for many psychologists and physicians. In this way considering green spaces is necessary to peace of mind. This article intends to study sense and visual capabilities of artificial green spaces using descriptive method and their effects on human. The results show that connection with green space directly or using senses can contribute to reach mental health. It is hoped this research can provide conditions to further researches.
A Modern Model for Sustainable Architecture with uses Nanotechnology(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
مدیریت شهری دوره ۱۴ بهار ۱۳۹۵ ضمیمه لاتین شماره ۴۲
۲۰۲-۱۸۵
حوزه های تخصصی:
The 21st century Nanotechnology has the potential to make a huge impact on sustainability; but to achieve this potential, Nanotechnology is all about getting more function on less space. In other hand, Nanotechnology is one of the most extremely important components in sustainable development. It has the potential to reduce the environmental impact and energy intensity of structures, as well as improve safety and decrease costs associated with civil infrastructure. So, nanotechnology it can one of the most extremely important component for sustainable architecture. In this research we would like to answer below questions: Can nanotechnology be developed in a sustainable manner? How nanotechnology be developed in a sustainable manner? In this Paper, first we brief describe about sustainable architecture and nanotechnology, then we shows nanotechnology it can achieving the goals of sustainable architecture. We propose a new strategy of nanotechnology to achieve sustainable development. Finally, we present a new model for nanotechnology to achieve sustainable development. This work, presents the theory of analytical methods and the analytical approach has explanatory.