درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Turbulence and inconsistency of urban physical system in the physical structure of Iran contemporary cities is one of the instances of identity crisis; the weakness of the educational system in the faculties of architecture and urban planning, the promotion of foreign culture in the domestic press, the weakness of the infrastructures of native culture education, the interference of experts from other scientific fields in architecture and urban planning, the weakness of urban management strategies, high expense housing and the necessity to supply housing for the needy people have created a turbulent city with eclectic culture and it made the native culture less prominent than before. The present research introduced the concept of “urban architecture”. The main presupposition of research is that the architecture of monuments in the historical texture has sufficient capabilities in the quality of physical structure of city and architects concurrently paid attention to the architectural characteristics of monuments and urban space quality. The purpose of present research is that to investigate the effective architectural factors to improve the social life of urban spaces thus the research question is that “how to architect while constructing architectural structures to shape an urban space with social quality?”  The necessity of the study is the role of urban spaces to shape the social life and the significance of the study is the possibility to clarify a “bottom-up” design procedure to consider the concept of “urban architecture”, and also to institutionalize qualifications for urban spaces through architectures. The present qualitative research has been conducted with the logical argumentation and causal- interpretative strategies and through documentary- field study in the case study of Abyaneh village. Research findings, while paying attention to the qualitative components of urban spaces resulting from monuments architecture, have proposed strategies to realize the concept of “urban architecture” consistent with the components of social sustainability.

It is universally agreed concept that education is a corner s tone for socio economic transformation.  Education has been recognized as weapon to fight backwardness, poverty and illiteracy for ages. Experience have shown that all the good benefit of education has been assured only when there is quality education. However, there are visible indicators that education quality has not been s till achieved in the entire world. Particularly, education quality in developing countries is perceived as discouraging. Hence, the sharp decline of education quality is becoming major concern for developing countries like Ethiopia. This is also more serious concern in emerging regions like Gambella regional s tate where mos t people share pas toralism way of life. It is also unders tandable fact that there are locally known spatial and non-spatial factors that affect education quality. Therefore, the main objective of this s tudy was to identify spatial and non-spatial factors that influence educational quality of primary schools in emerging regions. As methodological approach, the s tudy was used descriptive design approach with mix of qualitative and quantitative method. The main data sources were both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected from spatial and non-spatial data sources. The spatial information was mainly collected from GPS reading, aerial photo and land use plan. Non spatial primary data were collected using interviews and discussions. The perceptions and reflections of key informants (teachers, students, principals and parents) were entertained by using focus group discussion, key informant interview and public hearings. The secondary data sources were collected by means of desk review. As result, the study was found that education quality in the city is weakening. The underlying causes are, low teachers motivation level, high students- teacher ratio, high students- section ratio, lack of instructional materials, lack of infras tructure and facilities. From the spatial perspective, the education institutions are an unevenly dis tributed that students from the central part of the city are more advantageous. 

 The main objective of this paper is to assess the effects of architectural components on residential complex to achieve a desirable rate of privacy for the residents. Privacy is a process in which the transactions among individuals can be adjus ted by means of providing a suitable relationship between people and their built environment. In addition, since the transaction between the behavior of residents and their built environment is undeniable, providing suitable personal spaces in the residential complex can efficiently improve the satisfaction rate of residents with respect to the privacy which seems to be very essential in urbanized regions with crowded populations. Following this, the present s tudy was aimed to survey the effects of architectural components on personal spaces and boundaries of the residential complex, located in Tabriz. So, the research hypothesis was made to better unders tand the perception of personal spaces for different groups of residents. The results showed that the perception of personal spaces in residential complexes can be varied depending on different genders and various age groups of residents. Meanwhile, the fixed furniture in the corner of green space decreased the satisfaction rate for both females and males up to the middle age. In addition, the satisfaction rate of females with respect to the item of internal yard increased by increasing their age. Females were observed to be satisfied with the item of semi-open wall among communal spaces at all ages.

The impetus behind this s tudy is to discover the aes thetic and semantic patterns of the cypress tree and show how this element has been employed by Iranian artis ts. The ques tion of this research is how a cons tant element (the cypress tree) has been transfigured in different Iranian arts. Four categories of miniature, carpet, textile and architecture decoration. The present research is qualitative in nature and is descriptive-analytic and mainly uses the available published data. Data were analyzed inductively and interpreted in the light of Ges talt theory. Exploratory results reveal that the cypress as a cons tant element in Iranian art has been transfigured differently in different arts. With the aid of Ges talt laws, the visual appearance of the cypress tree was analyzed in the different samples a few of them are presented in the s tudy. It was found that dis tinguishing the cypress element has been made: by highlighting the role of the cypress and reducing the visual significance of the field while increasing the visual emphasis of the cypress. Application of different ges talt laws such as proximity, figure, and ground, similarity, continuity in Persian carpet mos tly makes the cypress at the center of attention and reduces the visual importance of the other elements. In some of the other Persian carpet designs, this element has semantic and extraterres trial concepts and sits is in the center (eg. Mehrabi carpets. In the miniature and fabric textiles, cypress tree has not received the urgent priority and often been on the margins of the image.