درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose – This study examines the barriers to promoting climate-smart agriculture (CSA) in rural areas of the Sistan Plain. Using a qualitative approach and focus group discussions, data were collected from farmers and local experts (54 participants). The discussions were analyzed through inductive content analysis, coding, and classification systems. Findings – The results reveal that barriers to CSA promotion fall into seven main categories: financial, institutional, technical and infrastructural, knowledge gaps, demographic, environmental, and market challenges. Key challenges include high initial costs, weak policies and institutional support, lack of practical knowledge and training, and adverse climatic conditions. Practical recommendations involve conducting specialized training, establishing pilot projects, and strengthening communication infrastructure. From a policy perspective, developing national strategies, providing financial incentives and credit facilities, and fostering collaboration across various sectors are crucial. This study offers comprehensive and integrated solutions to assist policymakers and agricultural practitioners in achieving sustainable development and strengthening CSA resilience. Practical Implications – This study proposes several practical solutions to address the identified challenges, including organizing specialized and operational training programs for farmers and experts, implementing pilot projects to demonstrate CSA effectiveness and benefits, developing communication and technical infrastructure such as high-speed internet access and advanced equipment, formulating national policies to provide financial and institutional support for CSA, and fostering collaboration among governmental, private, and local community sectors. Originality/Value – This research is one of the first comprehensive studies analyzing barriers to CSA promotion in Iran. Given the unique conditions of the Sistan Plain, the findings can serve as a model for other underprivileged regions in Iran and similar countries. The practical solutions and effective policy recommendations presented here mark a significant step toward sustainable development and greater agricultural resilience to climate change.

This article criticizes the process of nation-state building in Iran based on the facts in the country's political structure and specifies the factors affecting the non-formation of nation-state building in Iran on what mechanisms are based and why this category is in the Islamic Republic. Iran has not succeeded. The most important assumption should be made on the structure and the transnational nature of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its intellectual foundations, because this structure, behind its political ideology, which came from the Islamic Revolution of Iran and religious teachings, rather than the concepts of national unification emanating from history, The culture, language and mythological system existing in a common geographical border relies on values and principles that are transnational and global and can influence from a small group to the whole world. In this article, the descriptive-analytical method of the library type is used to study the texts, books and articles using the fishing technique.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on relationship obsessive-compulsive disorder (ROCD) in women attending health centers. Methods: The research design was applied in terms of aim and was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design, two experimental groups, a control group, and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population included all women referred to health centers and a private counseling center in Chalous city in 2023. Twenty participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. To collect data, the Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Questionnaire by Doron et al. (2012) was used. For statistical analysis, SPSS-26 software, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc test were utilized. Findings: The results indicated that CBT (F=6.92, p<0.01) and ACT (F=6.97, p<0.01) had a significant impact on ROCD scores over time (p<0.01), suggesting that both interventions significantly reduced ROCD in women attending health centers. A significant difference was found between pretest and posttest scores for ROCD in both approaches (p<0.01), indicating the meaningful effectiveness of these two therapeutic methods. No significant difference was observed between posttest and follow-up scores (p>0.05), indicating the stability of the effects. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that both CBT and ACT can be used to reduce ROCD in women attending health centers, with no significant difference in the effectiveness of these therapeutic methods.