درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background: Players are under more pressure in soccer matches. In those conditions, they must use visual information to make better decisions. However, few studies have investigated such conditions of soccer players.Aim: The aim of the present study investigates the effect of under-pressure conditions on decision-making and visual search behavior of soccer players.Materials and Methods: Eighteen soccer players with a mean age of 14.5 (and SD ±1.5) from Tehran Youth Premier League took part in this study. Decision-making task included 60 images of 3 simulated soccer conditions on a monitor including neutral (no pressure), result pressure, and monitoring pressure. During all of these conditions, eye movements were assessed by an eye tracker device.Results: The results of repeated measures ANOVA test showed the speed and accuracy of decision making, the number of fixations and the mean duration of eye fixation were significantly affected in all three conditions. In addition, the results showed a significant reduction in decision-making speed in two conditions of result and monitoring pressures and a significant increase in decision accuracy and the mean number and duration of eye fixation in the two conditions of result and monitoring pressures compared to neutral pressure.Conclusion: Due to the changes in visual and speed-accuracy mechanism of decision making and the importance of these factors in the successful performance of soccer players, it is recommended that soccer coaches create psychological pressure conditions during training sessions, ask players to see with better concentration and attention, and to decide more quickly and accurately so that they can better overcome the challenges in competition environment.

Para badminton was one of the major sports which was included in Khelo India Paragames. Para badminton sports is physically challenging and it comprises of six classes. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and distribution of injury pattern in Para badminton players on the basis of gender, various categories of Para badminton athletes and combined wheelchair and non-wheelchair classes who participated in Khelo India Paragames 2025. A prospective epidemiological study was conducted that used the records from the medical help-desk. A total of 144 players were included in this study. Data on the athlete’s identity, demographic characteristics and musculoskeletal injuries were extracted from the records of the medical help-desk. We calculated the incidence rate ratio and injury incidence rate, which is expressed as the number of injuries per 1000 hours of exposure. Women athletes demonstrate 27.20 injuries per 1000 athlete-hours compared to men's 8.00 injuries per 1000 athlete-hours. Wheelchair players experienced an injury incidence rate of 15.74 per 1,000 athlete-hours, while, non-wheelchair players recorded an injury incidence rate of 10.4 per 1,000 athlete-hours. Future research must rigorously investigate the optimal training volume required to prevent pain and injuries associated with Para sports players.

Various articles have addressed the field of audiovisual translation and its related issues, but the pragmatic aspects of this area have not been addressed as they should be. As pragmatic issues are mainly covert in dialogues, and films are dialogue-oriented, it is crucial to consider these aspects in this area. Implicature is one of these hidden aspects of meaning which challenges the translators’ knowledge and competency. Sometimes ignoring this pragmatic aspect results in misinterpreting the intended meaning of the original version, whether it is a text or a film. Therefore, the present study intends to examine the translation of implicatures and their intricacies in Persian dubbing. To this end, four American films (Notting hill, The bucket list, The ultimate gift and Still Alice) were selected, all of which had been dubbed into Persian. All parts of these films were analyzed to determine whether there is any mismatch between original and dubbed versions in terms of this pragmatic aspect. The translation techniques and their frequency of occurrences which were applied to translate this pragmatic aspect are illustrated too. The results indicate that there are mismatches between the original and dubbed versions in terms of implicature, and the most frequent number of mismatches refers to scalar implicatures. Conventional and conversational implicatures follow it respectively. Moreover, deletion is the most frequent translation strategy which was applied to render this pragmatic aspect.

This study investigates the relationship between audit quality and earnings management, based on Loan Loss Provisions(LLPs), in 15 active banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2024. By analyzing data from these sample banks, this study evaluates the impact of various factors on Earnings Management Practices(EMP), including audit firm size, auditor tenure, and auditor specialization in the banking industry. The results indicate a significantly negative relationship between audit firm size and earnings management, suggesting that banks audited by larger firms are less likely to engage in earnings manipulation. Conversely, a positive and significant relationship was found between auditor tenure and earnings management, implying that prolongedauditor-client relationships may lead to a decline in auditor independence, thereby facilitating earnings management. Additionally, auditors with specialized knowledge in the banking sector demonstrate a greater ability to detect and mitigate opportunistic earnings management behaviors, contributing to a reduction in earnings manipulation within these banks