درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The political developments in Afghanistan over the past decades have clearly revealed the link between this country’s internal order and the key security agendas in the Middle East. U.S. and coalition forces attacks on Afghanistan to oust the Taliban and advance state-building via the Bonn Agreement have resulted in relative political stability in Afghanistan, which lasted until 2021. The 2021 Doha Agreement between the US and the Taliban on the one hand and the Taliban and new emerging Post-Arab Uprising Middle Eastern powers on the other hand paved the way for the Taliban’s return to power. So, A key question concerns the relationship between power relations within the Middle East regional order and Afghanistan’s internal developments. The hypothesis holds that the role of the Middle East’s major powers in Afghanistan’s domestic affairs is largely shaped by the regional balance of power and directed toward mutual containment. Afghanistan’s internal developments appear to be profoundly influenced by regional and transregional power relations. This study will examine the relationship between the internal developments in Afghanistan and the regional order in the Post-Arab Uprising Middle East. Employing an analytical–descriptive method and grounded in balance-of-power theory, the study examines the link between Afghanistan’s internal developments and the Middle East regional order.

Purpose - The development of wind energy in rural areas of Iran is a promising solution to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing farmers’ willingness and intention to participate in the development and advancement of wind energy. By reviewing the literature and employing an intuitively developed method, the hypothesized influential statements were identified. Design/methodology/approach- The research sample consisted of 189 participants selected through random sampling. The internal validity of questionnaire indicators was assessed by checking Cronbach's alpha coefficient and loading scores through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient fell within an acceptable range. Finding- The results of the study revealed that externality directly and significantly affects perceived sensitivity ( β = 0.40, p = 0.001). In addition, negative externalities have a significant positive effect on perceived severity, with a path coefficient of 0.41 ( β = 0.41, p = 0.001). The attitude towards the electricity distribution company also has a direct and significant effect on the willingness to participate in the development of wind energy ( β = 0.35, p < 0.001). The functional rationale (β = 0.17, p < 0.05) and the urgency rationale ( β = 0.34, p = 0.001) positively and significantly influence the willingness to engage in wind energy development projects. Willingness to participate in development plans has a positive and significant effect on behavioral intention ( β = 0.66, p = 0.001). The squared multiple correlations for sensitivity, perceived severity, desire to participate in wind energy development projects, and behavioral intention to participate are 0.16, 0.17, 0.33, and 0.22, respectively (R 2 Sensit = 0.16, R 2 Sever = 0.17, R 2 Desire = 0.33, R 2 Intent = 0.22). The results of this survey, in general, indicate that it has an impact on farmers' willingness to promote and develop wind energy. Using the transtheoretical model, it was revealed that the majority of farmers are in the stages of "increasing awareness" and "dramatic relief," while experts are in the stages of "self-reevaluation" and "self-liberation."