درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The aim of the present research was to present a model of sociological factors affecting employment on the attitude towards unemployment status of children of devotees. Methodology: This was an applied correlational cross-sectional study. The study population included 835 unemployed children of devotees of Bushehr province in 2020. The sample size was estimated 332 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method and based on Cochran's formula. The data were collected using demographic information form and a researcher-made questionnaires of sociological factors of employment and attitude towards unemployment and were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and path analysis in SPSS and AMOS software. Findings: The results showed that the model of sociological factors affecting employment the attitude towards unemployment status in the children of devotees had a good fit. Also, all six sociological factors, including increasing young population, social class, government measures, social environment, self-employment bank facilities, and religious and cultural backgrounds, had a direct and significant effect on the attitude towards unemployment status in the children of devotees (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results revealed that the authorities in charge of planning jobs for the children of devotees can provide appropriate conditions to improve the sociological factors affecting employment in order to improve their attitude towards unemployment status.

Purpose: Academic motivation is a critical driver of educational outcomes, influenced by various factors including attitudes toward education and civic knowledge. Despite abundant research on these factors independently, their collective impact on academic motivation remains underexplored. This study aims to fill this gap by examining how attitudes toward education and civic knowledge together predict academic motivation. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was employed with a sample of 350 participants derived from high schools and universities, based on Morgan and Krejcie’s table for sample size. Data were collected using validated scales: the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS), Education Attitude Scale (EAS), and Civic Knowledge Assessment Test (CKAT). Pearson correlation and linear regression analyses were conducted using SPSS version 27 to explore the relationships between the study variables. Findings: Descriptive statistics indicated moderate levels of academic motivation (Mean = 4.21, SD = 1.05), positive educational attitudes (Mean = 3.89, SD = 0.78), and varied civic knowledge (Mean = 3.45, SD = 0.88). Pearson correlation showed significant positive relationships between academic motivation and attitudes toward education (r = .312, p < .001) and civic knowledge (r = .287, p < .001). Regression analysis revealed that both attitudes toward education (β = 0.32, p < .001) and civic knowledge (β = 0.27, p < .001) significantly predicted academic motivation, accounting for 20.9% of the variance (R² adjusted = .209). Conclusion: The findings confirm that both educational attitudes and civic knowledge are significant predictors of academic motivation. These results underscore the importance of integrating civic education into curricula and fostering positive educational attitudes to enhance academic motivation. Future educational policies and practices should consider these dimensions to effectively support academic engagement and achievement.