درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Perpose: The aim of this study was to design a model of professional competence of principals based on the development of creativity and innovation in primary schools. Methodology: The method of the present study was a combination of exploratory type in which the qualitative method was performed using the underlying theory and the quantitative method was performed using the structural equation model. The statistical population of the study was in the quantitative part of all primary school principals in Tehran in the academic year 2019-20 and in the qualitative part of all experts in the field of education in Tehran. Sampling in the quantitative part using stratified stratified sampling method 196 managers of 22 districts of Tehran were selected and in the qualitative part 17 people were selected using purposive sampling with emphasis on the principle of theoretical saturation. The research tools in the qualitative part were in-depth semi-structured interviews with 5 questions and in the quantitative part of the researcher-made questionnaire to assess the components of manager’s professional competence. Since the content of the questionnaire shows the components that have the highest coefficient of importance, according to the approval of the questions by experts, the validity of the content of the questionnaire has been confirmed. The total alpha coefficient of the design questionnaire identifying the pattern of professional competence of principals based on the development of creativity and innovation in primary schools is 0.937 or 94% that the tool used has a good reliability. Data were collected in the qualitative section by grounded theory method and then analyzed by testing structural equation modeling using Smart PLS software. Findings: The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the components of motivation, management, technology, attitude-behavioral, cognitive-skill components and indicators of professional competence of principals are based on the development of creativity and innovation in primary schools. Also, the model fit indices that were performed using the structural equation model showed that the research data had a suitable fit with the model of professional competence of principals based on the development of creativity and innovation in primary schools. Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, attracting and employing competent managers, especially in the critical elementary school, requires the creation of a human resources system in which meritocracy prevails.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of students' attitudes toward entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial environment on entrepreneurial intention with respect to the moderating role of gender and family background. Methodology: The present research was applied in terms of purpose and quantitative research in terms of data collection. The statistical population included all business management students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch of Science and Research, who have taken entrepreneurship courses as part of their curriculum. To determine the sample size, stratified random sampling was used and 297 people were selected using Morgan table. The data collection tool was the Jena Standard Questionnaire (2020) based on a 5-item scale. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in terms of form and content by several experts, the validity was confirmed by calculating the trough and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by calculating the square root of the AVE. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained through Cronbachs alpha for the whole questionnaire of 0.968.for data analysis, Cronbach's alpha tests, orthodontics (AVE), AVE root matrix, Kolmogrofs-Smirnov, confirmatory factor analysis and t-test bootstrap approach were used. Findings: The results showed that each of the components of attitude (emotional, behavioral and cognitive) and entrepreneurial environment has a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. Discussion: This study also confirmed the effect of control groups (gender and family history of the entrepreneur) on the relationship between entrepreneurial attitude and intention.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to design and validation of a desirable model for developing critical thinking in the first-grade high school curriculum based on the upper documents of education in Iran. Methodology: This research is an evaluation study which the field research has been used in doing that. In this study, three methods were used to collect data. With reviewing the literature review of the research, the components of common critical though by various theorists and researchers were specified then, the national curriculum was analyzed with respect to the components of critical though. In the next step, the proposed model was designed and validated according to the components emphasized in the upper documents. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for validation. The research community consists of all curriculum practitioners who are as permanent members in Iranian Student Planning Association (500 people). In this research, simple random sampling method was used for sample selection and Morgan table was used to determine the sample size (217 ones). Findings: In addition to descriptive statistics, Chi-square method with an acceptable error rate of 0.05 was used for data analysis. The results of the research indicate that all the hypotheses and the appropriateness of the proposed model have been confirmed by specialists. Discussion: According to the results of the research Reviewing the objectives, content, learning activities and evaluation practices in Iranian first-grade high school education system with emphasis on developing the critical thinking in students can be proposed.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to identify the Effective Components of HRM for Efficient Labor Capacity at Islamic Free Universities in the North East of Iran. Methodology: The scientific model of this research was based on a qualitative interview with the University of Azarbaijan Azad and a selective method of targeting and snowballs. Finally, by referring to the experts, 20 qualitative interviews were conducted and using the Grendard theory to identify the components of human resources management in order to attract the efficient force, the necessity of each of the extracted model components for human resources management for efficient power absorption was investigated. The research was analyzed using coding method in three stages: open, axial and selective. Findings: The results showed that the total number of nodes in non-repetitive codes was 110 in the two HRMs and 38 in the effective recruiting sector, based on the conceptual similarities of the combination of 77 nodes (common codes) in the HR department and 38 in the absorption Effective power has been extracted based on the intuition and understanding of the researchers from the subject and their share in the form of three main components related to human resources management, individual factors, organizational factors, environmental factors and 4 sub-components and efficient absorption in The template has three main components for providing employee information, delegation, payroll and 3 sub-components in the form of Tree nodes were categorized. Conclusion: The main components of human resources management include personal factors, organizational factors, environmental factors, and the three main components of employee awareness trust in employees, and to justify the findings of this research can cite theoretical foundations and previous findings.

Purpose: According to statistic research, more than ninety percent of payment of debt and transferring banking resources was done with check. So, providing its executive security is undeniable necessity. For this reason, legislators enacted draft that whose title is draft of revision check cod. Methodology: The present research is applied in terms of purpose and content analysis method. In the organization of research, the documentary and library methods have been used and the information analysis has been obtained qualitatively and based on the inference of the researcher on the sources and texts. Findings: Accordingly, writers with legal and economic approach and with research of its efficiency and improving its defects goal want to answer to two question. The first question is what point was ignored in past cods until legislators decide to amend it? And second question is, is draft come back efficiency to legal system by improving last defects? Conclusion: In answer should tell: the important of previous rules is neglecting of remedy’s capacity. why so, legislators help to promise after breach of contract in previous rules while in this draft they focus to preventive remedy and try to increase efficiency of check by revealing of information. this subject based on credit feature of obligating and prohibition deal with hight risk and delete removing failure market.

Purpose: Academic engagement as a basis for reformist efforts in the field of education is very important in achieving learning experience so that indirectly guarantees students' academic achievement. Therefore, purpose of this study was to prediction of academic engagement based on academic optimism, perception competence and achievement emotions in students. The descriptive- correlation method was used. Methodology: The statistical population consists of all male students studying of Hewraman region in year academic 2019-20 to 1476 student. In this study, according to random cluster sampling method, 100 married students by formula Plant of Tabachnick & Fidell (2007) were selected as samples and they were asked to academic engagement scale (AES) of Reeve (2013), perception competence scale of Harter (1982), academic optimism scale (AOS) of Tschannen‐Moran, Bankole, Mitchell and Moore (2013) and achievement emotions questionnaire (AEQ) of Pekrun, Goetz & Perry (2005). Findings: The data were analyzed by tests of Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. Results: Findings showed that there was positive and significant correlation between spdemic optimism, perception competence and positive achievement emotions with academic engagement (P<0/01). There was negative and significant correlation between negative with academic engagement (P<0/01). Regression analyses also revealed that %79/2 of variance of academic engagement was explained by academic optimism, perception competence and achievement emotions. Conclusion: This study confirmed the significant contribution of academic optimism, perception competence and achievement emotions in academic engagement of students. The results of this research can help planners and implementers of education organization to adopt appropriate educational policies in order to engage students in academic studies and the factors affecting it.