روح الله قاسمی

مسئله کنایه – از بدو شکل گیری و استفاده اش توسط سقراط – تحت اشکال مختلفی خود را نشان می دهد که همگی این قالب ها در خدمت نوعی نوشتار و یا گفتار غیرمستقیم قرار می گیرند. در آثار ژید، این نوع آرایه ی ادبی اهمیت و کاربرد قابل توجهی پیدا می کند و ژید خود معتقد است که چیزی جز کنایه ننوشته است. نوع ادبی که داستان در قالب آن شکل میگیرد و پیش میرود زمینه ی مناسبی برای ارائه ی نکات دور از ذهن و عجیب است و این امر با ساختار کنایه که مبتنی بر وجود دو معنای متضاد در کلام است همخوانی دارد. در واقع، تولید یک کنایه همچون مکالمه است که فهم و درک نکات کنایه آمیز را مهم می نماید علاوه بر اینکه در این فضای گفتگویی گاه پاسخی شایسته به کنایه پرداز داده می شود که درواقع بازخورد عمل و یا گفتار خود اوست. بنا به این دلایل و نیز به علت پیچیدگی فرآیند تولید یک کنایه، این آرایه ی ادبی توجه بیشتری را می طلبد. رفتار و موضع گیری های کنایه آمیز راوی داستان هم مطالعه ی ساختار روایی و نیز چند و چون آن را مهم می نمایاند.

Background: The Internet of things (IoT) is a new technology that expanding rapidly and has led to the emergence of new services in the banking industry. Although IoT is an emerging technology in Iran, it is expected to become a paradigm in the future. IoT applications in banking have helped to provide high quality and fast responses to customers anytime, anywhere. Purpose: This research aims to identify and prioritize IoT applications in the Iranian banking industry based on business continuity indicators. Methods: First, based on the comprehensive literature review and practical experiences, IoT applications in the banking industry are identified. Then, each indicator's weight was calculated using the Grey Decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL). Finally, IoT-based applications in the Iranian banking industry have prioritized using the multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT). Due to the unstable economic conditions for the financial sector, business continuity indicators are employed in this study. Also, the reason for using MAUT is to consider the utility of banking experts for performing IoT banking services. Findings: According to results, IoT-based services in the banking industry, including Transmit instant reports, smart ATMs, non-contact electronic payments, and electronic checks, are identified for Iranian banks. Then, These appropriate services are prioritized with the capabilities of Iranian banks.

In today's world, the Internet of Things (IoT), which is a fairly new technology, has become a popular topic for discussion. Meanwhile, the increasing demand for personalized healthcare with the assistance of new technologies has created new applications called e-health IoT applications; however, researchers are still attempting to find its applications, therefore they have not been able to focus on comparing these applications. We have aimed at understanding the benefits of e-health IoT applications in comparison to one another. Therefore, this study is an attempt to provide a list of e-health IoT applications for individuals and to prioritize them. The Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method has been used, which is a method for Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) and a useful tool for prioritizing multiple alternatives based on criteria. Eight important criteria, based on a comprehensive literature review and experts’ opinions, were determined. Then, by using the FAHP method, the weight of each criterion was calculated. As a result, seven applications identified for individuals were prioritized based on the weight of each criterion and the score of each application in each criterion. Health Effectiveness, Empowerment, Safety, Privacy, and Peace of Mind are the most important criteria in e-health IoT applications for individuals; Cost Saving, round-the-clock Access, and Time-Saving are in the next levels of importance. The results also show that Chronic disease management, Medication reminders, Health monitoring, Air quality, Fall detection, Sleep control and Fitness were respectively ranked as first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh among the IoT applications.