حمیده رشادت جو

Purpose: Scientific-applied education as higher education needs coherent and structured planning. So, this study was conducted with the aim of explaining the challenges and obstacles of the application of land use planning in the development of scientific-applied higher education. Methodology: The present study was of applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of implementation method. The research community of land development planning documents in 2001-2020 and experts, including faculty members, managers and experts of scientific-applied higher educations in 2021, based on the principle of theoretical saturation, 35 cases of land development planning documents and 23 experts with targeted sampling method were selected as samples. The research tools were note-taking of documents and semi-structured interviews with experts, whose validity was confirmed by the opinion of experts along with triangulation method, and the reliability was obtained by the method of agreement coefficient between multiple coders of 0.85. Finally, the data were analyzed by thematic analysis method in Maxquda-12 software. Findings: The findings showed that 50 basic themes, 8 organizing themes and 5 comprehensive themes were identified for the challenges and obstacles of land use planning in the development of scientific-applied higher education; So that comprehensive themes includhng assessment of skill training needs (with two themes organizing labor market information bank, products and products with local and regional participation and curriculum design and revision), ecosystem, ecology and regional population (with two themes organizing economic activities and commercializing scientific-applied and training, empowering and scientific-applied professional qualifications), organizing and polarizing optimally in terms of space and time (with an organizing theme of the geographical arrangement of polarization and mission-oriented scientific-applied education centers), provincial and regional governance (with an organizing theme of local partnership management) and scientific-applied higher education preparation (with two themes organizing the training, superior laws and documents, challenges and obstacles in the use and application of the preparation of the land). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it is possible to use the basic, organizing and comprehensive themes identified to reduce the challenges and obstacles in the application of land use planning in the development of scientific-applied higher education.

Purpose: Entrepreneurship is considered as the driving force of economic and social growth of societies. Methodology: The present qualitative study is based on grounded theory, while recognizing the dimensions of the rural business space in Kurdistan Province, has identified the factors affecting rural entrepreneurship in this region. Also, in this study, in order to increase the efficiency of policies and plans of rural entrepreneurship development institutions, a conceptual model of extractive factors has been proposed. For this purpose, a group of fifteen rural entrepreneurs, local experts and officials and extra-local experts were selected and studied using non-probability sampling methods, such as theoretical, purposive and snowball sampling. The data were collected using three tools of interview, field observations and review of archival documents and analyzed using open, axial and selective coding. Findings: The study results classified the factors affecting the development of rural entrepreneurship in Kurdistan Province into the following categories: individual, social, cultural, infrastructure, natural and ecological, legal, educational, political and economic institutional factors. Conclusion: In addition, interactive mechanism is reflected according to the structural model of grounded theory with six theoretical components.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to identify the dimensions and components of sustainable entrepreneurship based on entrepreneurial competencies in the country's insurance businesses. In general, the approach of this research is qualitative. Methodology: This research is an applied research in terms of its goal. The statistical population included expert experts and managers in the field of entrepreneurship in the insurance industry with the conditions of more than 25 years of experience and related educations of master's degree and doctorate. In the qualitative section, 19 people were selected as a statistical sample using the snowball sampling method until the opinions were saturated. In this research, a semi-structured interview was used through in-depth interviews related to the Delphi technique. To determine the validity, face validity and content validity were used using the CVR index, and its reliability was determined by the agreement coefficient method between two coders and Cronbach's alpha. 0.88 was obtained. Data analysis was done using Delphi technique. Findings: According to the obtained results, 3 dimensions, 10 components and 63 indicators were identified for the sustainable entrepreneurship model based on entrepreneurial competencies in the country's insurance businesses. Knowledge, management and personal dimensions were recognized as dimensions of sustainable entrepreneurship based on entrepreneurial skills in insurance businesses of the country. Conclusion: For the knowledge dimension, (components of education, familiarity and experience), for the management dimension, (components of monitoring and decision-making, planning, commitment and promotion) and for the individual dimension, (behavioral, psychological and ethical components) were identified.