حسین عباسیان

INTRODUCTION: The quality of education and accreditation of universities, institutions, and educational centers has always been of great concern to many groups, including managers, officials, students, parents, and employers, in the past hundred years. The purpose of current research is to design the accreditation model of applied science higher education institutions. METHODS: This qualitative research was conducted using qualitative content analysis. Its statistical population includes articles, documents, and all the key informants of applied science higher education institutions in Tehran. A total of 21 key informants were selected using the purposive and snowball sampling method and maximum diversity technique. The data were collected by semi-structured interview, observation, review of documents and scientific texts and analyzed by using MAXQDA-2022 software and weighting of factors, criteria, and indicators with the Shannon entropy method and prioritization with RANK function in Excel. FINDINGS: The results demonstrated that after weighting and prioritizing, the final research model included 33 factors, 101 criteria, and 704 indicators. There are 27 input factors, 4 process factors, 1 output factor and 1 outcome factor. CONCLUSION: The current accreditation model was prepared in accordance with the conditions of applied science higher education institutions using domestic and international experiences with a systemic approach (input, process, output, and outcome) in the form of factors, criteria, and indicators and can be used by the University of Applied Science and Technology.

The current research aimed to identify the linchpin components for school principals. In the current study, the researcher used the qualitative method of cornerstone content analysis based on the research objective and problem. The research field was formed by all schools’ principals in Tehran. The purposive sampling method was used to select research participants. To collect data, non-reactive measures (various documents such as articles, books, research results of others, reports, etc.) and semi-structured interviews with key informants were used. At the beginning of the interview, general explanations about the research and its objectives were presented to the interviewee and then the interview was started. The purpose of the researcher conducting these interviews was to identify the development’s linchpin components and their symptoms. The duration of each interview was between 30 and 45 minutes; the ideas raised during the interview process were noted down. Qualitative data were analyzed by using the three-step inductive thematic analysis method of Clarke and Braun (2006). In the inductive thematic analysis where there are logically no pre-defined themes, patterns are revealed during the analysis by placing open codes or similar sub-themes within a main theme. Also, to check the validity of the obtained findings, qualitative validation criteria of "validity" and "reliability" as well as "external audit" were used. The findings showed the 13 components to develop the linchpin components of school principals: network communication; strategic planning; collaborative/interactive/ leadership and management based on collective wisdom; expertise and deep knowledge; critical thinking and problem-solving; creativity and innovation; developmental thinking (self and others); (boundary) breaking structure; ethics/professional ethics; insight and inspiration; acceptance of differences and the uniqueness of humans; generosity and the art of work and emotional connection

یک جماع کلی در مورد نیاز به حضور مراکزی است که کیفیت یاددهی را بهبود می بخشد. رهبری آموزشی یک فعالیت جامع است که فرصت های را برای پیشرفت حرفه ای معلم و پیشرفت تحصیلی دانش آموزان می کند. در یادداشت چگونه معلمان می روند دهی-یادگیری را بهبود بخشید، مدیریت آموزشی را از سایر مدل های رهبری در سازمان ها متمایز می کند. برنامه درسی و محیط آموزشی برای مدرسه مدرسه، برنامه درسی و محیط زیست می کنند. این پژوهش از نوع کیفی از نوع توصیفی اکتشافی بود. برای شناسایی رفتارها و رهبری آموزشی از تحلیل موضوعی و شبکه مضامین استفاده شد. به منظور جمع آوری و شناسایی موضوعات، مبانی نظری و نظرات متخصصان این حوزه با تحلیل منابع متون در سال های 1990 تا 2018 منتشر شده است که در پایگاه های اطلاعاتی منتشر شده است، و کدگذاری شده است. با توجه به تعداد منابع، از آنها بر اساس معیارهای نمونه انتخاب شدند. برای تحلیل موضوعی از تحقیق کیفی از نرم افزار MAXqda استفاده شد. یافته ها از آن است که رهبری آموزشی دارای، 25 مؤلفه و 177 رفتار است که در آن تعریف هشتم مدرسه، نظارت بر مدرسه، اقدام، رشد حرفه ای معلم، مراقبت، نظارت بر روند بعد یادی-یادگیری، رهبری توزیعی است. و مدیریت برنامه درسی برای تحلیل موضوعی از تحقیق کیفی از نرم افزار MAXqda استفاده شد. یافته ها از آن است که رهبری آموزشی دارای، 25 مؤلفه و 177 رفتار است که در آن تعریف هشتم مدرسه، نظارت بر مدرسه، اقدام، رشد حرفه ای معلم، مراقبت، نظارت بر روند بعد یادی-یادگیری، رهبری توزیعی است. و مدیریت برنامه درسی برای تحلیل موضوعی از تحقیق کیفی از نرم افزار MAXqda استفاده شد. یافته ها از آن است که رهبری آموزشی دارای، 25 مؤلفه و 177 رفتار است که در آن تعبیر مدرسه، نظارت بر مدرسه هشت، اقدام، رشد حرفه ای معلم، مراقبت، نظارت بر روند بعد یادی-یادگیری، رهبری مدیریتی است. و مدیریت برنامه درسی

Purpose: This paper aimed to examine the pathology of Shahab national plan in primary schools of Shahryar, Tehran, Iran. Methodology: This research was conducted with a mixed exploratory method, that is, firstly, using semi-structured interviews and a qualitative method of the fuzzy Delphi type, the harms of Shahab National Plan were identified and prioritized, then the current situation of the harms was investigated using a quantitative descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research was specialists and experts working in the Ministry of Education as well as university professors. The sampling method in this section was a targeted method, according to the principle of theoretical saturation, 15 of them were selected as a sample. The statistical population of the quantitative part of the research was made up of all the fifth grade teachers of the elementary school of Shahryar city, whose number was 441 in the academic year of 2018-2019. To determine the sample size in this section, the Cochran formula table was used and 230 people were selected as a sample, whose selection method was cluster random. The research tools were semi-structured interview, fuzzy Delphi questionnaire and researcher-made questionnaire. Reliability and validity in the qualitative part were obtained according to the audit strategies of the research. In the quantitative part, the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha test, and it was used to confirm the formal and content validity of the questionnaire from the experts’ point of view. To analyze the results in the qualitative part, content analysis of interviews and fuzzy Delphi were used, and in the quantitative part, one sample t-test was used in SPSS. Findings: Based on the qualitative findings, the harms of Shahab plan were identified and prioritized in three areas: behavioral (including 14 harms), structural (including 19 harms) and contextual (including 25 harms). According to the analysis of quantitative data, the current state of harms was examined from the teachers’ point of view. Conclusion: The results of one sample t-test showed that most of the harms are at a level higher than the assumed average of the community and a few are at an average level or lower than the average.