سایه بلند پدرسالاری بر سر زنان داستان (بررسی ردپای پدرسالاری در سووشون از منظر ساختارگرایی تکوینی) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
ساختارگرایی تکوینی لوسین گلدمن مدعی وجود همخوانی ساختاری میان ساخت اجتماعی- سیاسی، ساخت آگاهی گروه ها و طبقات و ساختار آفرینش های فرهنگی به عنوان تجلی عینی ساخت آگاهی است. از این منظر این پژوهش، با بهره گیری از روش گلدمن در جامعه شناسی ادبیات، در پی پاسخگویی به پرسش از نسبت ساخت اجتماعی و ساختار متن ادبی در ایران است و بدین منظور به دنبال پی جویی ردپای یکی از تأثیرگذارترین ویژگی های ساختاری و اجتماعی در ایران یعنی پدرسالاری نهادینه در بافت سیاسی و اجتماعی در متن ادبیات داستانی زنانه (به طور خاص رمان سووشون، اثر سیمین دانشور به عنوان اولین رمان رسمی زنانه در ایران) است. یافته ها نشان دهنده وجود همخوانی ساختاری مورد ادعای ساختارگرایی تکوینی، میان ساختار اجتماعی - سیاسی ایران در آستانه دهه 50 و ساختار متن سیمین دانشور، در چهار سنجه تعیین کننده منتج از نظریه ساختارگرایی تکوینی، یعنی رابطه با منابع قدرت، کنش مندی و توانایی حل مسئله، خودشناسی و خودباوری و محدوده عمل در رمان سووشون (1348) است.The Long Shadow of Patriarchy over the Women of Story (Investigation of the Traces of Patriarchy in Savushun from the Perspective of Genetic Structuralism)
Introduction Investigating and understanding the relationship between society and literature is one of the most important and attractive interdisciplinary topics. Perhaps, from a perspective, this relationship can be compared to the relationship between a person and a mirror. In this analogy, a society can be seen as a living and dynamic entity that sees its different manifestations in the mirror of literature, of course, a magical, changing and influential mirror that shows different manifestations of the society, and since consciousness is a product of a self-representative relationship, the world created by literature is mutually the originator of the construction of consciousness and the basis of change in the objective construction of society and this cycle continues.MethodologyLucien Goldman (1970-1913), who sought the application of dialectical materialism in literature review, chose the title of developmental (genetic) structuralism for his theory. The method of genetic structuralism speaks of two stages of perception and description in the process of examining and understanding the concordance of structures. Understanding means recognizing the meaningful structure of the work and explaining means the dialectical inclusion of the meaningful structure of the work in the comprehensive social structure and historical-social totality.FindingsThe findings of this article show the existence of a structural compatibility claimed by Genetic structuralism, between the socio-political structure of Iran at the threshold of the 1950s and the structure of Simin Daneshvar's novel.AnalysisThis article, with a detailed and line-by-line review of Savushun's novel, emphasizes the four elements of relationship with sources of power, activeness and ability to solve problems, self-knowledge and self-belief and the scope of action that are clear signs of the status of women in a patriarchal structure and explains the similarities and differences of these elements in the structure of the text and establishes the relationship between this structure and the stability or change of the characteristics of the objective structure of society was an effort to explain and better understand this work in particular and women's literature in general with a sociological approach.Zari is a quiet, patient, tolerant, timid, tolerant, weak and confined house angel, and this semantic structure of the text is related to the structure of the author's consciousness and the class that he represents in the work of giving coherence and giving meaning to the world. In this way, the traditional and patriarchal structure of Savushun (1969) is consistent with the objective structures in general and the role and position of women in these structures in particular in the social context which portrays the traditional and angelic educated woman.ConclusionsLucien Goldman's formative structuralism is a thought model that simultaneously studies socio-economic structures and the dialectical relationship between these structures and the text, and for this reason, it can be used in examining the aforementioned developments and how it is related to literature, especially Savushun. Accordingly, with this schema and through the four criteria resulting from it, i.e. relationship with power sources, activeness and ability to solve problems, self-awareness and self-belief, and limits of action, this article analyzed Savushun. This article shows the relationship between the dual social-economic relations (city and village) along with the role of the patriarchal authoritarian power structure in these two spaces and the effect of all these components on the many characters of daily life depicted in the novel, especially women, and the personality crises caused by the mentioned relationships are in their sensory-behavioral forms.
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