واکاوی اسناد فرادستی و قوانین موضوعه دولتی در تعریف مسئله آب در ایران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
براساس فرایند مرحله ای سیاستگذاری، شناسایی ماهیت و ابعاد دقیق مسئله آب، تدوین سیاست ها و وضع قوانین می تواند بستر مناسبی را برای اجرا و حل مشکل فراهم کند. در واقع به هر اندازه سیاستگذاران دقت بیشتری در مرحله تدوین سیاست داشته باشند، در مرحله اجرا امکان موفقیت بیشتری دارند و نیل به اهداف میسرتر خواهد شد. این مقاله بر آن است تا با بررسی جایگاه مسئله آب در اسناد بالادستی به این پرسش اصلی پاسخ دهد که توجه قوانین و اسناد بالادستی در تعریف مسئله آب بر چه مواردی بوده است؟ در فرضیه پژوهشی استدلال می شود که با توجه به نگاه جامع اسناد در مدیریت منابع آب، اجرای درست قوانین تصریح شده در اسناد بالادستی به موفقیت تلاش های دولت ایران برای مدیریت بحران آب کشور می انجامد. با استفاده از روش تحلیل مضمون، قانون برنامه پنج ساله ششم توسعه، سند الگوی پایه اسلامی ایرانی پیشرفت، راهبردهای بخش آب، راهبردهای توسعه بلندمدت منابع آب کشور و سیاست های کلی نظام در زمینه منابع آب تحلیل شده است. هفت کد انتخابی و 20 کد محوری و 131 کد باز در زمینه تعریف مسئله آب در اسناد بالادستی تعریف شده است. سند الگوی اسلامی ایرانی پیشرفت کمترین کد و برنامه راهبرد توسعه بلندمدت منابع آب با 58 کد باز بیشترین کدگذاری انجام شده است. در بین هفت کد انتخابی مدیریت آب دارای بیشترین کد محوری و کد باز در پنج شاخه است. در بین کدهای انتخابی اقتصاد، مبادله، امنیت، مخاطرات، بهره وری و مدیریت آب با بیشترین زیرمجموعه کلیدی ترین مقوله در همه اسناد به شمار می روند. با توجه به نگرش جامع اسناد به ابعاد و ماهیت دقیق مسئله آنچه کشور را با بحران آب روبه رو کرده است، اجرای نادرست قوانین و اسناد بالادستی است.Analyzing upstream documents and government related laws in defining the water issue in Iran
IntroductionWater resources management has always played an important role in human life, due to the importance of this issue, it is very important to review documents and laws in the field of water resources management. Macro-level documents, laws, programs and documents are of great importance in any country, because they are the basis of planning in executive areas at different management levels.The aim of this study is to analyze seven macro-level documents of water management by exploiting the principles of public policy Based on this, first the nature and dimensions of the problem should be well identified, because any mistake in the formulation of the problem makes it impossible to solve.Based on the step-by-step policy-making process, identifying the exact nature and dimensions of the water problem, formulating policies and enacting laws can provide a suitable platform for implementing and solving the problem. In fact, the more accurate policy makers are at the policy formulation stage, the more successful they will be at the implementation stage and the easier it will be to achieve the goals. This article aims to answer the main question by examining the position of the water issue in the upstream documents, what was the attention of the upstream laws and documents in defining the water issue?The purpose of the article is to examine the position of the water issue in the upstream documents; therefore, it will answer these questions, which issues have been emphasized by the upstream laws and documents in the definition of the water issue? Which document has dealt with this issue more comprehensively and what things have not been considered?Methodology With the method of content analysis, it aims to examine the place of water in Macro-level documents. Therefore, by using the MaxQDA2020 software, five documents, the law of the sixth five-year development plan, the document of the basic Iranian Islamic model of progress, water sector strategies, long-term development strategies of the country's water resources and the general policies of the system in the field of water resources, has been analyzed.In this regard, the following steps have been taken: first, the upstream documents and government laws in the field of water resources have been identified; And with the opinion of experts, five main documents were examined in this regard. In the second step, primary (open) coding was done using software. Then themes were searched for them by combining the codes. In the third step, the themes were revised and axially coded. In the fourth step, after selective coding, research findings were presented.FindingsAmong the studied documents, the most code is specific to the long-term development strategic plan and the least code is from the Iranian Islamic model of progress The findings of this study are discussed under the following themes:1. The main themes extracted are: 1) water economy, 2) water management, 3) water technology, 4)water productivity,5)water exchange, 6)water risks, 7)water security 2. pricing policies; Preservation of capital and encouragement of foreign investment, water pricing system and preservation of its value are among the things that are considered in all documents.3. Decentralization, comprehensive management of water resources, coordination of policies, evaluation of plans and public participation are codes of the subcategory of water management and are mentioned in all documents.4. In order to correctly define the problem of water productivity, water extraction, efficiency in agriculture, water allocation, balance between resources and uses and improvement of productivity have been investigated.5. Among other findings of the research, the emphasis of documents on exchange; The danger and safety of water.AnalysisThe analysis of the content of the sixth plan and other upstream documents shows the turning of the dominant discourse of quantitative growth in front of qualitative support. The government in the form of programs such as watershed plans, supply of agricultural inputs, investment in the agricultural sector, etc. It is sustainable in preserving water resources.The analysis of the obtained findings shows a change in the directive and top-down approach and a kind of executive turn in programs, laws, policies and instructions. The analysis of the findings shows the existence of a multi-layered view of water, which, unlike the purely traditional approach, has an economic, political and security view of the water issue. Referring to transboundary water resources and paying attention to it as one of the challenges of water resources management in addition to security in Internal watersheds and environmental considerations are other things that are emphasized in this research.ConclusionThe results of this research showed that the upstream documents have a comprehensive view of the water issue. The emergence of challenges in the management of ground water resources has made it possible to change the economy-oriented policies of the government. Policymakers' distancing from the non-participative and destructive view of exploitation is clearly seen in the compilation of documents.The turning of policy towards decentralization, central participation and comprehensive view shows the support of the government to the country's natural resources and environment by formulating appropriate laws and guidelines.Therefore, it can be concluded that the status of water has been seen in the Macro-level documents, but the problems in the field of water management are related to the implementation.
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