Environment

Climate is one of the many factors such as socio-cultural values, economics, materials, administrative factors and technology that influence architectural forms. The climatic solutions effecting on architecture, differ in various regions, cultures, time and technology. The climate of the province of Golestan plays an active role in the formation and diversity of vernacular dwellings. This region is in contact with numerous environmental factors. It is limited by Alborz Mountain in the south, by Turkmenistan desert in the north-east, and by Caspian Sea in the north-west bringing about high humidity in this province. With this background, the paper's question raised: "How do the climatic design principles of vernacular architecture respond to microclimates in this region?" In this paper, the focus is on building's envelopes and shells in three local climatic scopes of the region. The paper is based on a combination of research methodologies: field research (integrating case studies) and archival research. The climatic data are being analyzed by Mahoney tables providing preliminary design recommendations. They are grouped under eight headings: layout, spacing, ventilation, openings (size, position and protection), the relation between building and ground, veranda, wall and roof. This essay argues about the knowledge and skill of vernacular and traditional bioclimatic construction suggesting conceptual strategies for improve current dwelling aiming to a sustainable future.

Purpose: This study aims at developing an environmental curriculum model based on self-management in the high school in a qualitative study. Methodology: This is an applied study in terms of purpose and a qualitative study in terms of implementation method. The research community included environmental curriculum experts in Iran based on self-management in 2021. The research sample was estimated to include 15 subjects according to the theoretical saturation principle. They were selected by purposive sampling method based on the inclusion criteria. Indexing and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. Finally, the data were analyzed by content analysis method. Findings: The results showed that, in terms of objectives, the self-management-based environmental curriculum in the high school included the themes of organizing critical thinking skills development, constructive thinking promotion, behavioral strategies, improving environmental knowledge and cognition, environmental culture promotion, internalization of environmental value, and natural reward strategies. Also, in terms of contents, it included themes of organizing integrated content, applied content, development of thinking skills, alignment with humanities and ethics, comprehensiveness of content, development of managerial skills and integrated content. In addition, in terms of teaching and learning strategies, the themes included being organizational and practicality, interactivity, and being exploratory. The themes of the evaluation element included rational organization, situation-based evaluation, evidence-based evaluation, and evaluation feedback. Finally, based on the organizational and basic themes in the area of objectives, content, teaching and learning strategies and evaluation, a self-management-based environmental curriculum model was designed for the high school. Conclusion: According to the results, experts and planners can improve the self-management-based environmental curriculum.

In today's world, countries choose to pursue their own interests in foreign policy, the most common and least cost of which is diplomacy, which, as an independent tool, is widely used in intergovernmental relations. In the discussion of environmental problems and protection of the marine environment, diplomacy is also considered a tool to advance the goals and interests of governments. In this article, the descriptive and analytical method of environmental diplomacy from conflict to cooperation is studied and analyzed. This research seeks to explain the pattern in the context of environmental diplomacy from conflict to cooperation. The findings of this study indicate that environmental challenges both on land and in the seas and oceans arise from climate change, changing rainfall patterns, expanding industry and agriculture, population growth, reducing resources, and increasing conflicts over natural resources and foundations. Biological, exploitation of natural resources in the form of deforestation, Desertification and uncontrolled marine hunting, use of various toxins to combat plant and animal pests to disturb the ecological balance and degradation of the aquatic and terrestrial environment on a local, regional, national, regional and global scale. Therefore, the need for environmental diplomacy to identify common threats and dangers to the global environment and efforts in the form of common commitments and to deal with these threats and dangers and to protect the environment and resources on Earth, the need for environmental diplomacy is inevitable. Environmental protection is also essential for the sustainable development of the seas. From this perspective, maritime and environmental diplomacy complements macro-diplomacy and provides policymakers with a wide range of tools and options. Finally, the activation of maritime and environmental diplomacy is an effective step towards sustainable development, especially sustainable maritime development in coastal countries.

This study investigated the creativity-supportive behaviors of Iranian EFL teachers. A mixed-methods data collection approach was adopted: quantitative data were obtained from randomly selected 94 teachers and 216 students through the Persian version of the Creativity Fostering Teaching (CFT) index (Soh, 2000), and qualitative data were collected via students' reports on twelve classroom aspects. To analyze the quantitative data, an independent samples t-test and for the qualitative data, thematic analysis coding were used. There was a significant difference between the teachers' and the students' views on creativity-supportive behaviors of Iranian EFL teachers. Additionally, environment and interaction were extracted as two main themes from the analysis of the qualitative data. These two themes were discussed as the central factors influencing the creativity-supportive behaviors of the teachers. Although most Iranian EFL teachers want and try to adopt strategies and activities to develop or support creativity in their classrooms, the results showed that Iranian EFL students do not experience the classrooms as a locus of supporting creativity. Generally, creativity is not implemented and supported in Iranian EFL classrooms. The findings illustrate that teacher-training programs should equip Iranian EFL teachers with the knowledge and strategies of creativity- fostering instruction.

INTRUDUCTION: Staff of medical centers, who are saviors of accident victims, face risks at work that may even lose their lives. Although different criteria have been used in different studies, the performance of medical centers in terms of health, safety, and environment (HSE) management has not been evaluated. Therefore, the extraction, grouping, and prioritization of the HSE management assessment criteria of medical centers were performed in the present study. METHODS: Using the systematic method, following examining the most important methods, the criteria and sub-criteria associated with the HSE management of the medical centers were extracted, grouped and prioritized using the opinions of experts. The entropy method was employed to analyze the criteria. FINDINGDS: Total of 33 criteria and 166 sub-criteria were extracted which from them the criteria of operation control, risk management, and resource management had the highest repetition in the performance assessment methods. Finally, the cases were classified in 13 criteria and 35 sub-criteria, and the criteria of strategic management and compliance with laws and regulations were of the highest importance from the viewpoint of the study experts.

The state of the world's environment reveals the fact that in recent decades, due to human activities and increasing consumerism, Earth has suffered irreparable damage and the world is witnessing unprecedented growth in environmental degradation, just as consumers activities can lead to deteriorating environmental conditions. The environmentally conscious behaviors such as green purchase behavior, can be agents of change, motivation and attention to the environment. The purpose of this research is to develop   a model for implementing green purchase behavior that recognizes the dimensions of this behavior to determine the effective factors, operational strategies, and consequences of its implementation.The overall approach is qualitative and Grounded Theory has been done. Using purpose foul and snowball sampling methods, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 experts from the field of business researchers and environmental activists.The results of data coding led to the identification of 448 initial codes which finally cited the approach Systematic in the given data theory, paradigm model show that causal categories (environmental belief, health concern, green attitude, mental norm), causal categories (green purchase behavior), background categories (economic indicators, government support for capital Eco-friendly investments, the country's environmental policies, the impact of green consumption culture), interventionist category (distribution of green products, financial and economic constraints of households and promotion, encouragement to green purchase), strategies (Indian market strategies, prices, innovation), and the consequence (at the macro-level including increasing the level of health in society, development, and growth of organizational performance and promoting green lifestyle and at the micro-level including preference to buy environmentally friendly products and increase the repetition of purchases behavior) Impact on the implementation of green purchases behavior.  

Ecocriticism as a field of study into the state of both human and non-human entities in an act of colonization. As such three of its most important concepts, Agency, Development and Displacement, are discussed to facilitate the understanding of this approach for the readers. Non-human agency advocates against a human-centric agency and for a dynamic relationship between human and non-human agency instead. As often witnessed in the aftermath of natural disasters such as an earthquake, natural events are unpredictable and not all in control of human beings. Then it can be stated that humans are not the only active agents in the environment but that instead we need to study the dynamic relationship between human and non-human agencies. The second concept, Development, is a bridge between colonialism and non-human agency, which entails the process of changing an environment in course of monopolizing certain products in a colonized country. Such changes usually have negative effects on the natives’ lives, such as losing their jobs, homes and impoverishment. This then leads to their displacement, seeking a new area where they can find new resources to survive and build their lives around. This is then a chained set of events as explained in the article, from the promise of a development that is in truth monopolizing one or more products, to the displacement of the natives from their homes and their struggle to survive.

The main purpose of this research is sociological analysis of media role by changing environmental behavior (case study about students of Payam Noor university of Ardebil). The research is accomplished by surveying method. The unit for analysis of research is people and especially students. Population of research includes 380 students of Payam Nour University which are recognized by Cochran formula. There is a significant correlation between hypothesis of responsible behavior and conscious behavior with the level of using media. Hypotheses about conscious and desired behaviors are rejected and there is not a significant correlation between them. Regression test also showed 0.018 that means below 1% by the variables of the research.

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze and explain the environmental protection and sustainable development of tourism destinations in Iran's penal code. The main question of the present article is how has environmental protection and sustainable development of tourism destinations been considered in Iranian criminal law? To answer this main question, the loan we are trying to analyze is that environmental protection and sustainable development of tourism purposes require the protection of criminal law. The methodology of this research is to investigate the legal texts and the opinions of jurists and jurisprudents regarding the subject in terms of the subject and the objectives and the method of collecting information in a descriptive-analytical way. Accordingly, the collection of information in the form of a library and reference to databases and Internet searches of articles with a scientific degree of validity and updating will be. The data gathering tool is a snippet and database. The method of analysis in this paper will be qualitative and argumentative in this way, we examine the variables of the subject and describe and analyze the collected data in a systematic way.

During its historical life, the Caspian Sea has always been a safe place for many races, people, and governments. Unfortunately, humanity does not appreciate this valuable water zone and steps away consciously or unknowingly on the path to its destruction and demolition. Taking the path in this way is equal to obliterating the roots of the present generation and future generations. With the aim of evaluating the environmental security structure of the Caspian Sea, this research examines a new legal framework for this water zone. Moreover, the research also argued that the Caspian requires effective political and legal decision-making to achieve its ideal state both environmentally and economically or socially. Until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Caspian Sea was dominated by the two governments of Iran and the Soviet Union. The intense asymmetry between power and resources between the two countries led to the unofficial and actual control of the region in the hands of the Soviet Union.

This study was conducted with the aim of environmental and behavioral pathology of religious education of children. The research method was descriptive and content analysis. Studies show that the foundation of religious education of children is closed in the family and children are the expression of parents' beliefs and behaviors and they are silent but effective teachers of children; Also, school and friends, as formal and informal spaces that complement their personality, are parallel to the phenomenon of cyberspace, environments whose characteristics have a significant impact on their inclination or non-inclination to religious issues; In the behavioral dimension, the findings indicate that harms such as: upbringing, humiliating behaviors, unjustified harshness and discrimination, etc. are among the incorrect methods that can be inflicted on children by those around them. Suggestions: Promoting media literacy of families, raising children's values, creating a bridge between family and school, paying serious attention to attracting committed people and taking care of the expansion without supervision of non-profit schools.

The article examines the nature of the relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth in Ukraine. An Data intelligence analysis of the dependence of pollutant emissions on GDP per capita and other factors of Ukraine's economy for the period from 1996 to 2018. The results of the econometric analysis confirm the theory of the Environmental Kuznets Curve. To prevent environmental and economic catastrophes, it is necessary to increase the gross regional product per capita, and this should be done by diversifying the economy, investing in clean production, and modernized equipment.

This paper examines some key aspects of the formal and figurative discourse on ‘nature’ as manifested in the philosophical tradition and with reference to contemporary life. Instead of building a straightforward, self-enclosed argument for the sake of argument, it will demonstrate how someone living today may arrive at certain kinds of judgments in the light both of our collective human inheritance, of which Ḥikma is a major element, and a philosophical reasoning that penetrates into areas of life with which philosophy is not directly or primarily concerned but which are of fundamental importance to all human beings. It begins by sketching a picture of the present historical moment, which many specialists consider a historical anomaly precipitated by the abrupt rise to world domination by a single geographical region. A few basic themes relating to ‘nature’, which by tradition has been approached either figurately or formally, will then be discussed. Their upshot is that for man to live ‘naturally’, he cannot reduce his own nature to that of other animals. Every being has its particular nature. Therefore, the concept of nature cannot be considered only unconditionally or as something common to all animals. Finally, this paper poses two basic questions: Why has our necessary—but equally ‘natural’—separation from the nature of other beings been allowed to go as far as it has? Are we so alone in our modern troubles that we must cast off our human inheritance and pretend to reinvent the universe at every turn?

The purpose of the present study was to identify barriers to implementing innovation in sports clubs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research approach was mixed. In the qualitative part, interviews with 13 owners of sports clubs were conducted. The statistical sample in the quantitative part, based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), included 200 sports club owners in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran. The results showed that barriers to implementing innovation in sports clubs were individual, structural, and environmental obstacles. Considering the entrepreneurial ecosystem and all stakeholders involved in the sports community, providing favorable conditions such as intellectual property protection, financial support, research, and development support, as well as improving access to financial capital, can pave the way for the creation and implementation of sports innovations in clubs, especially in crises. 

With specialized research and activities, archeology introduces many features such as old and ancient areas, ethnicities, cultural traditions, artistic handicrafts and the diverse climate and ecosystem of Iran to attract tourists. The formation of a positive sense in tourists about tourism destinations, taking into account the synergistic approach, also strengthens the sense of pride in the local community. On the other hand, increasing the level of perceived quality of tourists leads to an increase in the satisfaction of tourists as customers of tourist places and becomes the basis for encouraging managers and planners to try to provide more services with better quality. If the environment of tourism destinations lacks the desired quality, it will affect the perception of the tourist about the space and as a result, his mental image of the environment. In addition to motivating and introducing tourist attractions, archeology can provide the basis for the participation of government institutions and private sector investors in order to provide facilities and revive tourism dimensions. Reconstruction of historical contexts, anthropology, linguistics, traditional arts and other related sciences, can provide a suitable platform for economic growth and development, along with the development of tourism in the region and the world for Iranian society. According to the above, in this study, the researcher attempted to investigate the role of archeology studies and the quality of the rural environment in the development of tourism. This study is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection, and is based on observation, interview, questionnaire and statistical data. In the present study, two methods of documentary and survey studies have been used. The statistical population included experts in the field of tourism and planning. The statistical sample of the research is about n=10. In addition to seeing the sights and natural landscapes of those places, tourists become familiar with the customs and culture of that village. In this way, tourists are interested in buying village products, such as handicrafts, local products, etc., and this means an increase in the income of villagers who work directly or indirectly in this industry. Most studies are demanded and focused on visitors and their needs and motivations.  

Sustainability creates solutions that solve the economic, social and environmental challenges. It has been studied and managed over many scales of time and space and in many contexts. The paper reviews the definitions of sustainability respecting the ecologic concept as well the need for balanced sustainability within its three pillars on equal way, then it goes throw Ecologic Architecture with its core requirements and how it’s important to work within the framework of Ecologic Architecture. In the aftermath of climate changes there has been an increase of overall interest in sustainability of Environment material. Sustainable development in living environment is not only a trend. Similarly sustainable development in modern bathroom is not a fad. Contemporary societies are not able to function without water, energy, heat, electricity and fuel. It is obvious that the precious natural resources are not available in unlimited quantities. Therefore is absolutely no alternative to necessity of sustainable development. Man must learn to be more careful with using of natural resources; in this paper describe the Livable eco- architecture that have been explained the interaction between sustainable house and urban conditions in analytical approach.

It has been encountering with large modifications and developments during recent decades and it makes large developments at Rey & Islamshahr regions. As the habitation areas as shaped in different dimensions. Thought it can investigate the implicational structural at large scales even at littler scales too. Nevertheless the essential applications of living areas on over coming life need such habitation and it has been discussed occupations, having social relations with others, education and training. The kind of search in this study it is introductive and analysis and it was applied of library and curcuma methods. Also it was applied of Top sis model. The findings of study indicate that economical social and structural are in the rates from first to second and it has the most effective role at modification of environmental and implicational of Rey and Islamshahr habitation areas during Tehran mega city. At last it is evaluated as the final indicates at environmental and habitation areas.

Attention to the human environment is essential in an age when human with irregular exploitation try to destroy and waste it. In between, the methodical attention to indigenous thinker’s perspective can be useful and practical. In this paper by using the prominent Traditional thinker’s perspective at the present time, Dr Nasr, has been tried to answer “How should be the desirable interaction between man and nature?” which it is in the field of environment with a political approach to this topic. This study has allocated to the environmental issue by using the framework of Ferkellaf discourse analysis in three levels of description, interpretation and explanation. As described level in Nasr’s view, there are three signifies of meaning as the religious values, traditional values and values of human dignity which signifies traditional value has been as central signifier. In the interpretation level, three factors as de sanctity of nature and knowledge, rationalism and humanism has been affected on how to formulate Nasr’s ecological discourse. As well as on the explanation level on his social function view, we can cite his criticism on single discourse; also we can cite his criticism on flawed religious approach and revival of scared knowledge of nature.

This study aims to analyze the effect of green policies on employees' eco-initiatives with the mediating role of environmental concerns and effective commitment to the organization. This study is applied in purpose and uses descriptive and survey methods. The statistical population consisted of 350 employees of environmental organizations in Semnan province. According to Cochran's formula, a sample of 189 individuals was determined using convenience sampling. The data was analyzed using SPSS 16 and Smart PLS-2 software, employing the structural equation modeling approach with the partial least squares method. The results suggest that content validity was assessed through an expert panel, while reliability was evaluated and confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient method and composite reliability. The results indicate that green policies have a positive and significant effect on environmental concerns, effective commitment to the organization, and employees' eco-initiatives. Additionally, environmental concerns have a positive and significant effect on the effective commitment to the organization and employees' eco-initiatives. Moreover, environmental concerns and effective commitment to the organization do not mediate the relationship between green policies and employees' eco-initiatives. Therefore, it is suggested that managers of environmental organizations pay adequate attention to being green in formulating organizational policies so that they can create more commitment and responsibility in employees and thus produce more initiatives in the environmental field.

The present study examines the teachers' experience of teaching "environmental protection" to elementary school students. Qualitative research has been done using the phenomenological method. The research population includes all teachers working in primary schools in Ahvaz. Sampling was purposeful, and after semi-structured interviews with 30 teachers, theoretical data saturation was obtained. The condition for selecting teachers was their desire to participate in research and interest in environmental topics. Interview data were analyzed using the Van Manen method to explore teachers' experience of environmental protection education. Findings include five main themes: ethics education in environmental protection, elements of environmental protection education, knowledge in environmental protection, attitude in environmental protection, and skills in environmental protection, and 15 sub-themes. According to teachers' experience, promoting and increasing students' sense of responsibility towards the environment and teaching environmental ethics is essential. It is also necessary to pay attention to human interaction and the two-way relationship with the environment and teach students that there is a kind of trade between us and nature, and if humans do not fulfill their obligations to nature, they face dangerous and unsolvable consequences. The teachers believed that, to increase students' understanding of how to preserve the environment, its harmful factors, and the consequences of polluting it, some lessons should mention environmental issues and problems and their solutions. Also, teaching aids should be prepared and used for environmental protection education. Improving students' attitudes toward the environment can motivate them to react to right and wrong environmental behaviors, make them aware of the value of nature, and ultimately lead to environmental protection.