Legal system

During its historical life, the Caspian Sea has always been a safe place for many races, people, and governments. Unfortunately, humanity does not appreciate this valuable water zone and steps away consciously or unknowingly on the path to its destruction and demolition. Taking the path in this way is equal to obliterating the roots of the present generation and future generations. With the aim of evaluating the environmental security structure of the Caspian Sea, this research examines a new legal framework for this water zone. Moreover, the research also argued that the Caspian requires effective political and legal decision-making to achieve its ideal state both environmentally and economically or socially. Until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Caspian Sea was dominated by the two governments of Iran and the Soviet Union. The intense asymmetry between power and resources between the two countries led to the unofficial and actual control of the region in the hands of the Soviet Union.

Introduction: The expansion of moral principles has been one of the necessities of human society throughout history. Also, the most important point that should be addressed in the discussion of moral damages is the definition of moral damages. Moral damage is one of the most challenging legal issues in the legal system of different countries. Therefore, in the present study, the researchers decided to compare the compensation for moral damages in the legal systems of Iran and England. Materials and Methods: The research was a review method, in order to achieve the goal of the research, in addition to electronic education books and virtual education in this field, articles related to the research keywords from 2004 to 2022 from the databases of Civilica, Magiran, Sid, Researchgate, Science direct, was reviewed. Conclusion: In the legal system of England, as in Iran, the "theory of fault" is the main basis of civil responsibility. Investigations indicate that in Iran, based on various laws such as the "Constitutional Law", "Criminal Procedure Law", "Civil Liability Law" and some other scattered laws, compensation for moral damages is mentioned, but it has many problems. While in countries like England, issues such as one-sided or two-sidedness of the damage, insurance coverage, social credit, job and financial resources of both parties to the damage, and reduced life expectancy are taken into consideration in issuing moral damages compensation orders. It seems that people's awareness of their rights in this field, the insurance coverage of moral damages and the compilation of the compensation table in frequent cases will help to follow up and issue judgments in these types of cases.