Vernacular Architecture

The vernacular architecture of cities with old civilizations like Hamadan, located in a cold and mountainous area, s tems from centuries of optimizing material use, cons truction techniques, climate considerations, and the leas t use of fossil fuels to provide residents comfort. This region represents a specific type of dwelling that is a spectacular example of its climate conditions and compatible with its surrounding environment. This s tudy aims to inves tigate the geometric conformation of Hamedan houses and elicit the proper sugges tions to provide comfort conditions. To reach these goals, 15 houses located in the old dis tricts of Hamadan belonging to three different his torical eras were selected. Then, according to Mahoney's Table, Evan's index, Pen warden graph, and climate consultant software thermal comfort factors were assessed and calculated to compare elicited design s trategies with typology. These attributes to architectural s trategies for this region like southeas tern orientation, medium-sized windows, thick outdoor and indoor walls, thick insulation with sufficient temporary heating equipment, the high heat capacity of materials, compact urban texture and planning, protection agains t intensive wind aimed to provide comfort conditions. Then these methods were compared whit three eras' houses to illus trate how much compatibility was there practically, which eventually reduced in each of them.

Vernacular architecture has always had appropriate answer in conformity with the environment and climate. This paper has considered values of Iran vernacular urbanization and architecture in humid and moderate climate looking through sustainability and sustainable development concepts. Gorgan city has been studied using laboratory studies and available sources and relying on the content analysis and values hidden in the vernacular architecture in humid and moderate region of Golestan Province. Effects of weather on urban structure, landscape and views have been analyzed and considered in this regard in order to provide designers with some strategies for their future designs.

Climate is one of the many factors such as socio-cultural values, economics, materials, administrative factors and technology that influence architectural forms. The climatic solutions effecting on architecture, differ in various regions, cultures, time and technology. The climate of the province of Golestan plays an active role in the formation and diversity of vernacular dwellings. This region is in contact with numerous environmental factors. It is limited by Alborz Mountain in the south, by Turkmenistan desert in the north-east, and by Caspian Sea in the north-west bringing about high humidity in this province. With this background, the paper's question raised: "How do the climatic design principles of vernacular architecture respond to microclimates in this region?" In this paper, the focus is on building's envelopes and shells in three local climatic scopes of the region. The paper is based on a combination of research methodologies: field research (integrating case studies) and archival research. The climatic data are being analyzed by Mahoney tables providing preliminary design recommendations. They are grouped under eight headings: layout, spacing, ventilation, openings (size, position and protection), the relation between building and ground, veranda, wall and roof. This essay argues about the knowledge and skill of vernacular and traditional bioclimatic construction suggesting conceptual strategies for improve current dwelling aiming to a sustainable future.

The present study intends to shed light on 25 lifelikeness layers in Imam Jome’eh House (Khaneh Emam Jome’eh) in Isfahan as one of the prominent historical monuments dating back to Qajar dynasty. The present study intends to shed light on 25 lifelikeness layers in Imam Jome’eh House (Khaneh Emam Jome’eh) in Isfahan as one of the prominent historical monuments dating back to Qajar dynasty. The lifelikeness or Zendevari architecture is a general and reconciling pattern (framework) among all the definitions of architecture that in its definition, it consists of 25 layers. these 25 layers include countable layer , spatial layer, geometric layer, Skeletal layer, motor layer, simple mechanical layer, automated mechanical layer, biological layer, environmental layer, climatic layer, sensory layer, visual layer, imaginary layer, unreality layer , media (symbols) layer , analytical( analyzing the elements) layer , historical(importance) layer, creativity (in the building)layer, economic layer, social layer, forensic layer , moral layer , aesthetic layer, political and faith layer and educational layer. Overall, it can be said that in the lifelikeness (Zendevari) development framework, the world and its beings consist of 25 layers, which are in interaction with each other in an unpredictable way, yet a universal and natural relation can be found between layers in two directions. The study method used in the current research is of an analytic-descriptive type, and data collection was performed in a field-, interview- and library-based method, and some strategies were presented to strengthen the zendevari (lifelikeness) of the building under study in a SWOT analysis method. The study method used in the current research is of an analytic-descriptive type, and data collection was performed in a field-, interview- and library-based method, and some strategies were presented to strengthen the zendevari (lifelikeness) of the building under study in a SWOT analysis method. 

Improving the thermal comfort of occupants in indoor spaces is one of the objectives of improving building cons truction techniques. In temperate and humid climates, window shutters are utilized as a protective shield during s torms. They can also block the view from the outside environment into the room. In this s tudy, we looked into how the inner climate condition was affected by various design patterns of these flexible envelopes. Vernacular architecture in humid and temperate climates can be used to describe different window shutter sizes and shapes. These shutters include both entirely rigid or perforated types. Window shutters are utilized as adjus table enclosures outside building windows that allow occupants to adjus t their position or location. Occupants in this area frequently open windows during extreme heat to ventilate the building and enhance the inner climate.In this regard, while using natural ventilation, we compared the twelve sample models with window shutters with various opening inlets to those without these flexible envelopes. We concluded after looking at several variables that flexible envelopes with an inlet area of 12.5% to 25% of the flexible envelopes produce better inner climate conditions.