behavior

One of the basic assumptions of management accounting illustrate that costschanges has a significance Relationship with increasing and decreasing in the levelof activity, recently after being raised of sticky costs issue by Anderson and hiscolleagues this assumption was discussed. It means Increases in costs by increasingthe more activity level of reduction in costs is exchange for the reduction in thelevel of activity. Anderson et al (2003) changed the expression of Cost behavior tosticky costs. The Subject profit forecast error is one of the issues that can affectinvestment decisions to hold or transfer of shares, because purchase of shares ofthe new company's stock is riskier process than other companies; Because of itslack of trading Background, historical information related to their is low. Accordingly,in prediction two fundamental goals follow: The first one obviously is theproper planning and second one is Familiarity and deployment of predictive techniquesusing predictive techniques for decision making and problem solving process.The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between forecasterror of earnings and sticky cost in Tehran Stock Exchange. To achieve this aim, amain hypothesis and sub-hypothesis has been proposed, and to test hypothesesdata 108 firms listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange using systematic samplingpurposefully selected, and data of the period between 2007 to 2013 was usedfor statistical analysis. Finally, the results indicate that There is an inverse relationshipbetween sticky costs and forecast error of earnings, and also betweensticky cost of goods sold and sticky costs of sales.

This paper deals with the concept of “residential models” and the role it plays on human relations in residential complexes. It intends to; review the concept of residence; understand how a residential model takes form; the influence of a residential model on future human interactions. To this end, having reviewed comments and viewpoints, focused on “what is residence? which factors may create the sense of residence and how an individual can choose his/her place of residence? Finally what are the factors affecting their choice”. Then two residential models analyzed: balanced and unbalanced, and their effects on human relations. Afterwards the research hypothesis was posed: “residential model is an effective factor on human relations”. Whereas the above study is limited to a small number of complexes in Tehran, for the purpose of testing the hypothesis and, in turn, for determining sample population, the residential complexes were classified into three categories in terms of facilities, features and characteristics. From each category a sample was chosen for testing the hypothesis. It was eventually decided to test the hypothesis in Ekbatan, Behjatabad and Farhangian residential complexes. The results indicated a strong relationship between residential model and its impact on human relations: more balanced the residential model, stronger effects on human relations. On the other hand, more unbalanced the residential model, weaker effect on human relations.

Culture has always been regarded as the most important element of human communities; we can easily observe cultural changes. What causes these changes has been a matter of controversy. The issues such as people’s increasingly getting detached from each other, psychopathy, behavioral abnormalities, traditions being increasingly faded away, malformation, extravagancy and value conversion into anti-values led the authors to conduct an investigation into the factors which cause such changes to happen. Moreover, the paper proposes strategies for improving the situation. First, the concept of culture and its elements are discussed. Then, the impact of urban physical aspects on the culture is dealt with. In developing a theoretical framework for the study, content analysis was performed. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed for small-scale (micro-level) and large-scale (macro-level) case studies, respectively. Finally, the results were discussed and a model was proposed for the impact of the urban physical aspects on culture and behavior.

Urban space has been formed in historical texture of cities under the influence of meaning and shape on the one hand and qualities related to human behaviors on the other hand. Among these points, neighborhood centers as the most important areas of social life in urban open space play a critical role in attracting people and improving quality and vitality of environment. This study presents the related literature in an analytical approach and expresses the relationship between neighborhood centers and human presence by structure analysis; it focuses on rules governing presence quality and formed behaviors in this places. In this survey, human and his presence in neighborhood centers are evaluated and urban spaces concept is formed by composing space location characteristics and human behavior. At least, it is sated that people`spresence in urban space of neighborhood centers expresses their thoughts and cultural interactions whose form shows its function and meaning. Therefore, humans would appear in urban space in a way that neighborhood centers quality depends on activity kind and their user's behavioral patterns.

This Study has discussed the meaning of public space and has shown that public spaces are an essential part of people’s lives. It has also identified the key urban design and architectural ideologies that have influenced the shape of the built environment, and has discussed how each has perceived the value of public spaces. In the following provides an overview of the relationship between people’s behavior and experience of public spaces, from an environmental psychology perspective. Methodologies adopted for the study. A combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods of collecting data has been used. The purpose of this study is to explore how public spaces influence human behavior in order to gain an appreciation of the significant role that public spaces play in the daily lives of people. This Study has established that human behavior and experience of public spaces can be influenced by the physical and ambient features of the built environment. It has been identified that physical features may include buildings, streets, landscaping, land forms and architectural elements, and ambient features may include sound, smell, temperature and illumination. It has also been identified that other factors such as age, gender, culture and ethnicity are also capable of affecting the way people respond to the environment. In addition to identifying the perspectives of the users of public spaces through the focus group, the study also identified the role and perspectives of urban planners and consultant designers. These built environment professionals have a significant role in shaping public spaces.

To gain sustainable development, balanced development with maintaining environmental values, should be think about the evolution of the biological culture of societies so that people adapt to the sustainability. The purpose of this research was to study Geography students' awareness, attitudes, and behaviors toward sustainable development at Urmia University. This study is survey research, and the statistical population is Geography students at Urmia University. Among them, 149 students were selected using random sampling method, and the required information was collected by a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on the evaluation of experts, and its reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha (environmental awareness= 0.71, environmental attitude= 0.78, and environmental behavior= 0.75).The findings indicated that 25.5% of the students had a high level, 41.5% had a medium level, and 33% had a low level of awareness, and 28.2% of students had a strong, 33.5% had a moderate, and 38.3% had a weak attitude toward sustainable development. Also, 42% of students had good behavior, 32.2% had moderate, and 35.8% had poor behavior in sustainable development. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there was a significant and positive relationship between these sets: awareness and attitude, awareness and behavior, and attitude and behavior toward sustainable development. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that attitude and Grade Average predict 19% of the variation inGeography students' behavior toward sustainable development. Therefore, it can be said that environmental education and changing students' attitude toward the environment are prerequisites for achieving sustainable development.

This study was conducted with the aim of environmental and behavioral pathology of religious education of children. The research method was descriptive and content analysis. Studies show that the foundation of religious education of children is closed in the family and children are the expression of parents' beliefs and behaviors and they are silent but effective teachers of children; Also, school and friends, as formal and informal spaces that complement their personality, are parallel to the phenomenon of cyberspace, environments whose characteristics have a significant impact on their inclination or non-inclination to religious issues; In the behavioral dimension, the findings indicate that harms such as: upbringing, humiliating behaviors, unjustified harshness and discrimination, etc. are among the incorrect methods that can be inflicted on children by those around them. Suggestions: Promoting media literacy of families, raising children's values, creating a bridge between family and school, paying serious attention to attracting committed people and taking care of the expansion without supervision of non-profit schools.

Given the critical role of sport managers’ behaviors in developing efficient processes in sport settings, the aim of the current study was to provide a model of sports managers’ strategic behavior. The research participants were selected theoretically through a snowball sampling approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with professional sport managers to collect the research data. Grounded Theory (GT) with a Systematic Approach was applied for data analysis. The results of qualitative data analysis from the interview were presented as a paradigm model of strategic behavior of sports managers in the form of six dimensions of the paradigm model, including causal condition, the main phenomenon (strategic behavior of managers), contextual condition, intervening condition, action /interaction strategy, consequences. The categorization based on the relationships between the concepts around the behavior of managers presents the paradigm model of the strategic behavior of sports managers. According to the findings, managers can eliminate many of the strategic barriers in sports organizations by institutionalizing strategic thinking and making decisions based on strategic behavior. 

The basic objective of this study is to design the model of effectiveness of electronic advertisement on consumer buying behavior. The research population is customers and consumers of large food stores in Shiraz that used a store's website. The sample of this study is as big as 400 people. Cluster random sampling method based on visible traits in the population with the highest estimated number of customers with a cautionary view was carried out. To evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire in this study, Cronbach's alpha was used. Cronbach's alpha was estimated 92%for the whole questionnaires and fluctuated between76%and 98% for its subscales. In order to analyze the data of questionnaires and to test the hypotheses, factor analysis and structural equation modeling techniques were used. The results show that by rejecting the first hypothesis and confirming the rest of assumptions and other relationships between the independent, mediator and dependent variables, the whole model is generally acceptable. This means that content and communication stimuli would get to the behavioral reaction phase after the process of influencing.