Communication

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between job performances of Technology Information Communications in public schools is an area of one Tabriz. The model in this study in relation to job performance According to Patterson (1992) in four dimensions, discipline at work, a sense of responsibility at work, cooperate, improve and Technology Information Communications at 7 pm; individual, attitudinal factors, educational factors, technological factors, economic factors, environmental factors, human factors and management have been considered. In addition, in this regard, a main hypothesis and four hypothesis is set. To test the hypothesis, job performance questionnaire, with 16 questions and Technology Information Communications questionnaire with 66 questions, the validity and reliability of the sample that teachers of public schools in Tabriz region137 people had been placed was. Analysis of data using descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as, correlation, and regression was performed through software Spss. The results showed that job performance and its components (discipline at work, a sense of responsibility at work, co-operation, improved work) there is a significant relationship with Technology Information Communications.

How does a journalist or an editor decide which news is worthy and which is not? According to some media researchers, they refer to a set of news values. One of the best known lists of such news values have been supplied by Johan Galtung and Marie H. Ruge. An analytical discussion on news values always refers to this list, which initially intended to cover international events. These factors include: 1- Frequency 2- Threshold 3- Unambiguity 4- Meaningfulness 5- Consonance 6- Unexpectedness 7- Continuity 8- Composition 9- Reference to elite nations 10- Reference to elite people 11-Reference to persons 12- Negativity. The current research collected 303 headlines from the front pages of four widely circulated Iranian newspapers: Hamshahri, Keyhan, Shargh and Iran. Out of these headlines, 426 news were distinguished and considered. As such, results show that the factors like reference to elite people (F10) and consonance (F5) play main role in Iranian press. Further Iranian press do not focus on Galtung and Ruge’s news values although, in general, headlines possess one or more of above factors. However, two factors (F10 and F5) show that Iranian press follow traditional process in news selection.

Purpose: In the age of Communication, all aspect of education, especially sexual education, will be changed. Threats will be revealed, by inappropriate use of concepts related to sexual education. Therefore, the goal of this research was to explore the main elements of student sexual education in the age of Communication to design a model based on grounded theory. Methods: This study has a qualitative approach and grounded theory has been used as a research method. For gathering data, high level documents have been studied and interviewed 25 experts who were aware of the subject. The participants were selected through purposeful sampling method and the data were analyzed simultaneously by continuously comparisons based on Corbin and Strauss method. Results: The findings of study formed the basis of a conceptual model including the following components: Casual Condition (necessity: Awareness, directing, lack of appropriate program), phenomenon(opportunities and threats of sexual education in Communication), context conditions(Time, place and method of sexual education), intervening conditions(social-cultural structures including incorrect beliefs, parents' attitudes, family structure), strategies(Principles and Indicators of Sexual Education in the Viewpoint of Islam)and consequences(development all aspects of intercultural education at individual, national levels). Conclusions: Basis of a conceptual model, necessity, education and social-cultural structures effected phenomenon (opportunities and threats of sexual education in Communication) in Iranian society. And strategies include of Principles and Indicators of Damage and Health of Sexual Education in the Viewpoint of Islam had to lead to development all aspects of intercultural education at individual, national levels.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare social interaction and communication in autistic children with the approach of architectural spaces and ordinary centers. Methodology: The data were causal-comparative. The statistical population was all children with autism in centers with architectural spaces approach and children with autism in normal centers of Tehran. The statistical sample consisted of 3 centers with architectural approach and 3 normal centers selected by available sampling method. Data collection was done based on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (GARS) and Edited Autism Checklist in Toddlers (M-CHAT) Robins, Feln & Barton (1999). Data analysis was performed by SPSS software in descriptive and inferential statistics at the significant level of 0.05 using independent t-test. Findings: According to the data analysis, the significance level in both variables of the study is greater than 0.05, which means that the scores of social interaction variables and the relationship of both groups follow the normal distribution. Independent t-test was then used to compare the mean social interaction of children with autism with the centers of architecture spaces and ordinary centers and showed that the obtained t was significant at the level of 0.01. Therefore, the null hypothesis can be rejected at the level of 0.01 in favor of the research hypothesis and with 99% confidence that there is a significant difference in social interaction between the two groups. Comparison of means indicates that social interaction of children with autism in architectural centers is higher than that of children with autism in normal centers. Conclusion: Social interaction and communication rate in children with autism in centers with architecture approach were more than children with autism in normal centers. As the number of these children is increasing, especially in Iran, it seems necessary to design centers and spaces appropriate to the needs of these children.

Information Management and Analysis (IMA) implies the single data and knowledge base of the business organization whose algorithm and software complex is designed to solve functional problems of operating and dispatch management, marketing, financial arrangements, accounting, strategic planning and organizing e-document flow between the sources and users of information. The “information – communication - control” vector is directed at the achievement of corporate objectives. Assessment of IMA implementation efficiency is complicated by the fact that implementation of managerial (informational) solutions is possible indirectly, with the flows of material, financial and informational resources; the IMA algorithms are valid for a certain range of situations and modes, whose frequency and duration of action are not known in advance. The study is aimed at formalizing compatibility conditions for a set of economic and technical, actual, and probabilistic indicators applied for justifying the IMA implementation efficiency for industrial entrepreneurship. The IMA effectiveness is expected to be calculated as a total of network (communication) effects per each block of IMA algorithms, factored the presentation of information operability; to calculate cost-effectiveness (recoupment of investment) it is supposed to modernize the structural capital evaluation procedure according to A.Puliс. The article contains an introduction, concept of IMA, application of system efficiency theory to IMA, building the structure of IMA efficiency indicators, and conclusion. The main method of study: system approach.

Herman Philipse considers “religious beliefs, faith and religion [to be] incompatible with science or reason”; he defines religion scientifically and specifically rejects religious doctrine. He describes reason “… as the whole of methods of empirical scientific research and critical discursive thinking as they have evolved in the scientific tradition and will continue to develop in the future” and he defines “… the phenomenon of conscience as a mental organ that can be scientifically explained and that makes the religious explanation superfluous …”. Herman Philipse classifies science as the highest in rank, discards religion and sees philosophy, a rational view of the world, as based solely on the sciences. For his subject, Hans Achterhuis “… primarily cites biologists, ethologists and evolutionary psychologists with a philosophical interest” because “they presently have more to offer [him] than do his immediate colleagues”. Furthermore, “… it will be clear that ethologists and sociobiologists are of the opinion that the violent behaviour of human beings must be understood in part from the point of view of the evolutionary history of the sort ….. most philosophers and anthropologists are not aware of this. Their considerations suggest that violence only entered our world together with humankind”. Achterhuis’s choice is a “historic concept of violence”.

Today, competition to improve the quality of services is recognized as a critical strategic issue for sports venues. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of service quality on improving loyal behaviors. (A case study of customers of wrestling sports complexes in Kermanshah province). The research method was descriptive-correlational and was conducted in the field. The study's statistical population was the customers of wrestling halls in Kermanshah province. In this study, 450 people were considered as the statistical sample of the study by random cluster sampling. Bonajsui's (2012) Research Work Questionnaire was used to measure research variables. Univariate and multivariate regression and the Friedman test were used to analyze the data. The regression test results showed that the service quality variable has a predictive power of about 18% of the variance of communication quality. Furthermore, the results showed that the variables of personnel responsiveness, reliability, and trust in personnel could be significant predictors of the communication quality component. Also, the results showed that the variable of communication quality could be a significant predictor for the components of loyal behavior, word of mouth, purchasing desire, and dissatisfaction. The study's results showed that the quality of services affects the quality of communication. According to the results, the responsiveness of the complex staff, reliability, and trust in the personnel have a positive effect on the quality. At the same time, no relationship was found between the tangibles and empathy components with the relationship's quality. According to the results, improving the quality of services in sports complexes and the quality of customer relations are the main factors in the occurrence of loyal customer behaviors and their reappearance in the future.

The use of technology-based instructions and treatment tools to compensate for deficiencies in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is evidently increasing. The present study that performed during 2021-2022 was a systematic review and meta-analysis concerning the efficacy of digital technologies in improving the deficient communication skills in language learners with ASD. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. The results revealed that the overall effect size (Cohen’s d) was 0.12 for both fixed effect model and random-effect model (z = 1.155, p >0.05). The effect size was statistically non-significant. We also considered Magnitudes of Cohen’s d fixed at 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 which commonly accepted for small, medium and large quantities. Again, the result approached the small magnitude (1.12 > 0.2). Despite estimation of variances of effect sizes across studies (Q index, I2 and T2 values) approved homogeneity in study results, due to small number of studies included in this meta-analysis they\ results may not be generalizable (Q= 8.780, I= 0.00, T= 0.00, p> 0.05). For future comparisons, we therefore recommend use of more evidence-based experimental studies with modifications in their technology devices to secure higher statistical gains. We also recommend considering moderator variables which affected the effect size of included publications consisting age, IQ level, treatment durations and validity rate of technology devices.

Our most important issue is the ambiguity and confusion in communication moral activism, so that it becomes very difficult to find an answer for it. But in my opinion, the most important strategy is to consider communication ethics as a new and interdisciplinary field and not a field that is only for communication. We must see the three categories of professional ethics, institutional ethics, and self-regulation ethics, especially in social networks, together and emphasize the openness of society and the strengthening of civil institutions as a prerequisite for the realization of an ethical society. In fact, a closed society and a society that does not have the power to choose is not a moral society. In this way, we can mention the fourth strategy: instead of emphasizing on restricting access to resources, we pay attention to educating the audience and increasing their communication ability and media literacy. My last word is that in order to advance the ethics of communication, we should think about independent media and provide the possibility of economic independence of small and large media. We must make the media compete and ensure their sustainable life so that the media do not die young. We must provide legal support for the media. This is a way to solve moral crises and communication crises

Paralinguistic features are indispensable and crucial aspects of communication without which any utterance would lose its identity. On the other hand, confusion in cross-cultural communication is most often assigned to paralinguistic features. Despite the significant importance of paralinguistic clues in humans’ communication, only limited studies have tackled this issue. More specifically, despite the fact that paralinguistic features are culturally different, no study has investigated the possible relationship between these features and speaking performance of Persian-speaking learners of English. Hence, with this existing gap in the literature, in this study, we tried to scrutinize the impact of paralinguistic cues upon EFL learners’ speaking fluency in the Persian setting. To this objective, we recruited 40 first-year undergraduate female students of Linguistics at the University of Gonabad, utilizing non-random sampling method. Their English proficiency level was determined as lower-intermediate via the administration of Quick Oxford Placement Test. In our pre-test post-test experimental research, we allocated a five-week span of instruction for the purpose of teaching paralinguistic clues to the experimental group to see whether it could have a significant positive impact upon their speaking performance. The instrument we utilized to evaluate speaking capability of our participants was Researcher-Made Speaking Test. The results of our study demonstrated that utilizing paralinguistic features boosted students’ speaking capability. On the light of our finding, it could be concluded that paralinguistic features could be employed for the first-year undergraduate students to enhance their communicative performance. Future studies in diverse EFL settings, could shed light on this conclusion.

Communication plays a critical role in any sustainable plan or strategy. This meta-analysis was conducted to provide an overall perspective of the relationship between communication and organizational performance. A total of 999 articles in both English and Farsi were extracted from four databases. The random effects model was used to analyze the data. The analysis was done by CMA2 ) V2.2. 064 (. The results based on the random effects model illustrated that the degree of the relationship between communication and organizational performance is large, positive, and significant (R=0.745, CI=0.95 p=0.000%). Furthermore, "Research object", "publication year" and "country" were identified as moderator variables in this relationship. An important jump in the intensity of this relationship was detected from 2017. Moreover, a significant difference in the intensity of this relationship was observed in educational organizations with commercial and medical organizations, which can be useful for activists in these fields. The intensity of the relationship in the countries of China, Malaysia, USA, South Korea, and Iran have been evaluated as significantly different. Therefore, these results can open new horizons for future research and especially the localization of international research results.