مطالب

The present research was designed to investigate the relationship between God Attachment Styles with Tendency to Drugs among Students. This study is descriptive and correlational. The population of this research includes all the high school boy students in Karaj city in the academic year of 2016-2017, which included 15000 students. Based on the Krejcie and Morgan table, the number of the sample was determined as 375 individuals, which were selected through a multistage cluster sampling. The data collection was performed through the addiction potential scale of Weed et al., (APS) (1992) and the god attachment questionnaire. For analyzing the data, Pearson correlation and multiple regression methods were used, and the data were analyzed by using SPSS v. 17. Findings showed that in families of 14.4% of the individuals, there is an addiction background, and in 85/6% there is no addiction background in the family. The correlation results showed that the components of God attachment have a negative and significant relationship with the tendency to addiction, and affection multiple regression explain components of God attachment have predicted the tendency to addiction in students. Regarding the importance of the role of God attachment in drug tendency among students, the results of the present study can be useful in planning and making appropriate policies for the purpose of promoting educational programs to families and their wards.

The Middle East and North Africa have always been of great interest to global thought and power due to their strategic location and huge fuel resources. One instance was Nazi Germany, which had specific geographical considerations for the region. This study seeks to answer the question: "How did the change in the role of German geopolitics from Haushofer's Ideas to Hitler's affect the fate of Iran during Reza Shah's reign?"; We will explain what happened, and why it happened. This research is descriptive-analysis in terms of its nature and method. In this article, an attempt was made to use graphical models to better understand concepts. The results indicate that Nazi Germany's ideas for conquering the world under Adolf Hitler and Rudolf Hess were very different from those of Haushofer. In World War II, Haushofer’s theory was replaced by Hitler's viewpoints. This change had a direct impact on Iran's strategy; Reza Shah adopted a neutral strategy during this period, which eventually led to defeat and military occupation of Iran. Thus, when Nazi Germany's strategy shifted from Haushofer’s to Hitler’s, Reza Shah should have changed his approach too. 

Education is not limited to chalk and talk in the 21st century, but learning science is possible through different formats and methods. Meanwhile, visual representations of a city could be considered by a system of signs and based on the opposition between emotional motivation and the visible structure of the material world and through a complex system of signs, as well as social, economic, and cultural characteristics of the communities. Hence, these visual representations of the cities play an important role in the metamorphosis of urban spaces; besides reproduction or elimination and decline of semantic values during time. With this approach, the main purpose of this paper is to study the function feasibility of theme parks in the realization of learning city. This topic is important for urban planning studies, more than ever with respect to the concepts and theoretical and practical configurations. In regard to its purpose and nature, this study is an applied research, and based on its method it is a descriptive-analytical study. The study was carried out in September 2017. Thus, 34 items with seven components and four indicators have been identified to check the thematic parks for the realization of a learning city. Mental model software is used to analyze the performance of the indicators. Confirmatory factor analysis was used in SMART PLS software to confirm or reject the performance findings of the indicators. The research results showed that the items have been effective in the theme parks with different coefficients (from high to low impacts) and with an increasing trend in the realization of learning city, in this way, the indicators of continuity in activities, creating conditions for healthy competition, identifying competencies and moral excellence have had the greatest impacts and centrality with effect 11.21, 10.58, 10.45 and 10.41, respectively. Also, the findings of confirmatory factor analysis showed a strong relationship between the performance of theme parks and the learning city by confirming the relationship among the indicators, in Mellat Park of Zanjan.