درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Voluntary deviation from self-control, commonly referred to as moral licensing, is a phenomenon in which an individual justifies his or her immoral and counterproductive behavior depending on various factors, especially past creditable behaviors and activities, without worrying about the loss of his or her reputation and esteem. Considering the undesirable consequences of this phenomenon for the individual, organization and society, this study attempts to find the reasons and factors that lead to the formation of moral licensing in addition to the individual's previous creditable behaviors and activities. The research philosophy was descriptive, the approach was qualitative, and the strategy was emergent-based grounded theory. The population under study consists of managers and employees of public administrations in northeastern Iran. 17 individuals were selected as purposive samples until theoretical saturation was reached. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. Analysis of the interviews based on actual and theoretical coding shows that the causes of moral licensing are classified into six categories. Identifying these causes can provide solutions to prevent moral licensing in the organizations.

Evaluating the performance of countries in international markets and measuring how they utilize allocated resources provides a lucid picture of the state of business management in countries also assessing performance sustainability in international markets, is one of the important issues in predicting international trade. In international markets knowledge of countries' performance leads to the recognition of their economic and non-economic management statuses even more it is used to allocate financial support of global organization. In the present article, an attempt was made to design a model capable of examining the performance of nations in international markets by both economic and non-economic dimensions in the presence of undesirable factors and two preparation and exploitation stages of existing platforms and also assessing the sustainability of countries' performance in the studied period which is quite innovative. Then, data from 21 countries, from 2010 to 2017 were evaluated to test the model. The results indicated that the model is capable of examining the performance of countries and assess the sustainability of the countries over a period of time. According to the results of this model, an attempt was made to evaluate Iran's performance status among homogeneous countries and provide a roadmap for enhancing Iran's performance

INTRODUCTION: Considering the significant contribution of public education to the reduction of damages incurred by disasters and crises in the country, the identification of all the components and dimensions of public education can be of great help to policymakers in this field in order to adopt a correct policy and decision. The current research aimed to investigate public education in natural disasters with the meta-synthesis method based on the seven-step model of Sandelowski and Barroso (2007). METHODS: The current qualitative research was conducted based on a meta-synthesis approach. The statistical population of the research included articles related to the research from 2000 until now. A number of 175 articles were retrieved, and after examining the title of the research, 105 articles were removed, and 70 papers were reviewed, out of which 36 papers were removed, and 34 articles entered the final stage for full analysis. Articles were searched in databases, such as Scopus, Emerald, Science Direct, Springer, Google Scholar, and Scientific Information Database (SID). FINDINGSThe selected sources were analyzed using Maxqda software, and the research findings were coded. In the open coding stage, 100 primary codes were extracted from 34 articles, and after extracting the primary codes, to categorize the concepts, axial coding was used, yielding 5 dimensions, 12 components, and their sub-components. CONCLUSIONAs evidenced by the obtained results, to reduce vulnerability, the responsible institutions can adopt appropriate measures that lead to learning and changes in the audience's behavior by using the presented model and considering the determined components and indicators in the process of public education. This model includes the stages of analysis, educational design, preparation and development, implementation, and evaluation.