درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The emergence of new issues and complexity of them, involve formulating and implementing intelligent policies in government. Therefore, the concept of ”policy capacity” has been emerged in different dimensions of governance. Promoting the policy-making capacity of government, means the ability of government in identification of issues, formulating of high quality and convenience policies and coordinating of policymaking process. In this regards, This Research is going to design a model to explore the different elements of policymaking capacity in government. Therefore, drawing upon mixed method design, in the first step by using semi-structured interview, many data was collect and in a recursive way, the core categories of policymaking capacity extracted and named. According to model, the institutional factors, policy-making infrastructure, policymaking capability, and interaction with environment, recognized as a causal condition for policymaking capacity. In addition, in our grounded theory model, the category of good policymaking considered as a strategy for core category (policymaking capacity). In addition, the intervening variables and contextual conditions in implementing good policymaking strategy in government extracted and named. The categories of organizational and managerial capacity along with extra role capacity of policy maker constitute the intervening condition of government. Contextual conditions that influence in good policymaking strategy were named in five categories of international, social, political, economic, and technological conditions. Finally, the consequences of implementing good policy making in government were named in three categories of governmental consequence, national consequence and policy maker consequence. In the second phase of the research, all parts of the policy making capacity theory, using structural equation model were tested in AMOS graph 18. Research Results Show Significance of Measurement and Structural Models at the 0.95 Confidence Level .

Dividend policy has been an influential factor in corporate investment decisions and has been an issue in recent years. The monetary policy began with the creation of economic organizations and free trade markets during the financial crisis. These were the first examples of capital controls in the history of the European Union and had different effects on the financial position of companies. Since the Central Bank, the monetary policy council or any other monetary committee will change the volume of money by declaring and implementing monetary policies, we try to use a sample of the Middle East countries to distinguish between economic austerity and capital control and to assess the effects of the dividend on corporate capital decisions. All sample countries have a common financial reporting framework (International Financial Reporting Standards - IFRS), and some have a range of measures, from low-tight measures such as tax increases to more stringent measures such as enforcing capital controls. They implemented in order to stabilize their economy. To do this, we will specifically use two factors that determine information asymmetry in accounting: conditional conservatism and the level of revenue management