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Today, gamification is being used in various areas such as education, health, and business to enhance engagement and increase the system's efficiency. Despite significant scholarly interest, in many cases, undesirable results have been achieved using gamified solutions. This highlights the need for further research to explore these challenges through innovative methodologies and to devise new solutions. Addressing this gap, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on the emerging and growing subject of gamification using the PRISMA methodology and proposed a novel model for the strategic development of future gamification studies. The research led to the identification of 48 qualified empirical studies which have been analyzed to outline the existing views, gaps, and consequently the implications for future research. Through the analysis, we delineate the impact and effectiveness of gamification, highlighting its potential to transform user experience positively when implemented with strategic finesse. Consequently, we propose a novel model for the strategic development of future gamification studies, presenting it in three main dimensions: Contexts, Users, and Elements, and for each dimension, significant and less-paid topics are discussed. In addition, we represent six main suggestions for the design of the entire gamified system: Decision-Making Methods, Success Factors, Validation Methods, Dynamic Design Approach, Timeframe, and Modern Technology. Our proposed model not only facilitates a deeper understanding of gamified systems but also offers actionable insights and guidelines for both academics and practitioners. It is meticulously designed to assist researchers and practitioners in crafting more effective gamified systems that are customized to meet specific user needs and environmental contexts. By doing so, it aims to maximize the sustainable benefits of gamification, ensuring that these systems deliver significant and lasting impacts. This strategic approach integrates the latest advancements in technology and dynamic design principles, establishing a robust framework for the future of gamification research and application.

Purpose: The field of providing information and the method of publishing information has permanently been subject to modification and alteration, and as we know, with the introduction of computer technology in the field of librarianship and the change in the way of providing services, the imperative task of information dissemination has been reserved for librarians. The dissemination of information technology into the education system has led to the emergence of a new concept called e-learning. The task of libraries is to provide infrastructures for information retrieval through the production of integration, organization, and distribution of knowledge. The methods that libraries employ for e-learning include learning collections, tools, and facilities necessary for studying, improving the quality of reference services, and ensuring universal access to books. Therefore, this research aims to identify the factors influencing e-learning in information retrieval.Method: This current research is developmental was conducted using a qualitative approach and grounded theory. The population of the study consisted of 20 experts in the field of information technology in public libraries across the country, who were selected through purposive non-probability sampling. Data were collected through interviews and analyzed through three stages of open, axial, and selective coding, based on which the research model was designed.Findings: The findings showed that e-learning in information retrieval contains of six main dimensions, 45 sub-dimensions, and 85 concepts, which are presented in a paradigm model including causal factors (quality of e-learning website design, quality of education in e-learning environments, employees' enthusiasm for developing knowledge capabilities, employees' belief in continuous training), contextual factors (suitable technical equipment (hardware, software, and network), availability of necessary infrastructure, high accessibility, periodic purchase of required equipment, ease of learning and simplicity of teaching platforms (instructors)), interveners (competence of instructors in course delivery, course development based on indigenous data, organizational culture and atmosphere), central factors (strategies for enhancing the quality of e-learning in information retrieval, processes for improving the quality of e-learning in information retrieval, infrastructures for improving the quality of e-learning in information retrieval), strategic factors (existence of an appropriate incentive system for promoting knowledge sharing (systemic strategy), security of software used (educational approach), efficient support and feedback mechanisms (responsiveness strategy)), and consequences (consistency of goals and plans, adequate understanding of e-learning, formulation of standards, capability in information retrieval).Conclusion: Based on the dimensions, main factors, and sub-factors, the impacts of e-learning in information retrieval can be measured and managed in the studied community.

Purpose: In contemporary times, augmented reality is a cornerstone technology within the tourism sector. Nonetheless, the inclination towards embracing and utilizing augmented reality applications in tourism hinges upon multifaceted determinants, meriting examination through the integrated lens of technology acceptance and use theory. Concurrently, these determinants sway individuals' hedonistic motivations to engage with such apps. This juncture holds significance for managerial considerations, delineating pivotal factors influencing the adoption of this technology. Hence, this present inquiry explores the nexus between the technology acceptance and use theory and the hedonistic motivations for tourism augmented reality apps on mobile platforms within the Iranian context.Method: The current research's statistical population consists of users of tourism augmented reality apps. The sample size is 201 users. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. A structural equation test was used to analyze the data.Findings: The research findings indicate that four factors, namely performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions, have a positive and significant impact on the hedonic motivation to use tourism augmented reality apps. Moreover, all four factors of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) positively influenced the intention to use augmented reality applications on mobile phones. Additionally, hedonic motivation was shown to positively and significantly affect the intention to use tourism augmented reality apps on mobile phones. Notably, hedonic motivation is a crucial mediator between the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) dimensions and the intention to use augmented reality applications. However, the mediating role of hedonic motivation was not supported for performance expectancy and behavioral intention.Conclusion: This research investigates the factors influencing the motivation to use augmented reality (AR) apps in tourism. It finds that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions positively impact hedonic motivation for AR app usage. The study validates the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) for predicting AR app adoption. Notably, hedonic motivation mediates between UTAUT dimensions and intention to use AR technology, suggesting implications for enhancing AR app design in the tourism sector.